Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Health-related quality of life in patients with substance use disorders enrolled to the residential treatment in Sri Lanka: a retrospective cross-sectional study

  • Published:
Quality of Life Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Purpose

Substance use disorder (SUD) is a serious public health concern that requires continuum care with effective treatment modalities such as residential rehabilitation. Improvement in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is one of the determinants of treatment and rehabilitation effectiveness. Therefore, a retrospective cross-sectional study was carried out in seven residential rehabilitation centres in Sri Lanka to determine the HRQoL of the rehabilitees with SUD.

Method

The HRQoL of 464 individuals at their enrolment and during the rehabilitation period was assessed using EuroQol five-level five-dimensional questionnaire (EQ-5D-5L). Data were analysed using IBM SPSS version 26.

Results

The majority of the participants were Sinhala (n = 419, 90.3%) and Buddhist (n = 368, 79.3%) males (n = 461, 99.4%). Most were unmarried (n = 302, 65.1%), young adults (n = 385, 83.0%) who have pursued secondary or higher education (n = 276, 59.5%) and 87.3% were employed (n = 405). Most of the selected centres use biopsychosocial model (n = 4, 57.1%) as the rehabilitation approach while rest practice therapeutic community (n = 3, 42.9%). The average EQ-5D-5L index [range =( − 0.45)–1.00] of the rehabilitees at their enrolment was 0.52 ± 0.28 and the EQ-5D-5L Visual Analogue Scale (EQ-5D-5L VAS) score (range = 0–100%) was 47.17% ± 23.48%. The values were increased up to 0.83 ± 0.18 (EQ-5D-5L index) and 84.25% ± 16.79% (EQ-5D-5L VAS) during the rehabilitation period. Only 19.4% of the rehabilitees had a normal or upper normal HRQoL (≥ 0.75 EQ-5D-5L Index) at their enrolment and 72.2% of rehabilitees reported normal or upper normal HRQoL during the rehabilitation period.

Conclusion

A significant improvement in the HRQoL of the participants was observed during the residential treatment in comparison to the enrolment, despite the differences in the rehabilitation programs.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2

Similar content being viewed by others

Data availability

The datasets generated during and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

References

  1. UNODC. (2020). World Drug Report 2020: Executive Summary Impact of Covid-19 Policy Implications. UNODC. https://wdr.unodc.org/wdr2020/field/WDR20_BOOKLET_1.pdf

  2. Schulte, M. T., & Hser, Y. I. (2019). Substance use and associated health conditions throughout the lifespan. Physiology & Behavior, 176(3), 139–148.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Manthey, J., Hassan, S. A., Carr, S., Kilian, C., Kuitunen-Paul, S., & Rehm, J. (2021). Estimating the economic consequences of substance use and substance use disorders. Expert Review of Pharmacoeconomics & Outcomes Research, 21(5), 869–876. https://doi.org/10.1080/14737167.2021.1916470

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Jiménez-Picón, N., García-Reposo, A., & Romero-Martín, M. (2020). Biopsychosocial consequences in Spanish population affected by an eviction process. Gaceta Sanitaria, 34(3), 289–296. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaceta.2019.03.008

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. American Psychiatric Association. (2016). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). American Psychiatric Association.

    Google Scholar 

  6. WHO. (2010). ATLAS on substance use ( 2010 ). In Manegement Subst. Abus, p. 156. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/substance_abuse/publications/treatment/en/.

  7. Robinson, S. M., & Adinoff, B. (2016). The classification of substance use disorders: Historical, contextual, and conceptual considerations. Behavioral Sciences (Basel). https://doi.org/10.3390/bs6030018

    Article  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  8. NDDCB. (2021). Handbook of Drug Abuse Information 2021. National Dangerous Drug Control Board. http://www.nddcb.gov.lk/Docs/research/Handbook_of_Drug_Abuse_Information_2021.pdf

  9. Rounsaville, B. J., Anton, S. F., Carroll, K., Budde, D., Prusoff, B. A., & Gawin, F. (1991). Psychiatric diagnoses of treatment-seeking cocaine abusers. Archives of General Psychiatry, 48(1), 43–51. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1991.01810250045005

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Hapangama, A., Dasanyake, D. G. B. S., Kuruppuarachchi, K. A. L. A., Pathmeswaran, A., & De Silva, H. J. (2021). Substance use disorders and their correlates among inmates in a Sri Lankan prison. Journal of the Postgraduate Institute of Medicine, 8(2), 157. https://doi.org/10.4038/jpgim.8334

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Montoya, A., Price, B. H., Menear, M., & Lepage, M. (2006). Brain imaging and cognitive dysfunctions in Huntington’s disease. Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, 31(1), 21–29.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  12. Volkow, N. D. (2018). Drugs, brains, and behavior: The science of addiction. National Institute on Drug Abuse, 7(3), 1–32.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Smith, M. A. (2021). Social learning and addiction. Behavioural Brain Research, 398, 112954. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112954

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Muller, A. E., Skurtveit, S., & Clausen, T. (2019). Confirming the factor structure of a generic quality of life instrument among pre-treatment substance use disorder patients. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 17(1), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12955-019-1152-7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Wang, Y., et al. (2020). Quality of life in patients with methamphetamine use disorder: Relationship to impulsivity and drug use characteristics. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 11, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.579302

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Adan, A. (2013). A chronobiological approach to addiction. Journal of Substance Use, 18(3), 171–183. https://doi.org/10.3109/14659891.2011.632060

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Adan, A., Marquez-Arrico, J. E., & Gilchrist, G. (2017). Comparison of health-related quality of life among men with different co-existing severe mental disorders in treatment for substance use. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 15(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12955-017-0781-y

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. WHO. (2012). WHOQOL user manual. WHO.

  19. Yin, S., Njai, R., Barker, L., Siegel, P. Z., & Liao, Y. (2016). Summarizing health-related quality of life (HRQOL): Development and testing of a one-factor model. Population Health Metrics, 14(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12963-016-0091-3

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. CDC. (2000). HRQOL concepts | CDC. In Centers for disease control and prevention. Retrived January 22, 2022, from https://www.cdc.gov/hrqol/concept.htm.

  21. EuroQol. (2019). EQ-5D-5L user guide. EuroQol Research Foundation.

  22. (1997) Chapter 5—Specialized substance abuse treatment programs—a guide to substance abuse services for primary care clinicians—NCBI Bookshelf. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (US). Retrieved August 27, 2022, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK64815/.

  23. NIDA. (2019). Treatment approaches for drug addiction. National Institutes of Health, pp. 1–7. Retrieved from https://www.drugabuse.gov/sites/default/files/df_treatmentapproaches_1_2016.pdf.

  24. NDDCB. (2022). Collection of research papers on drug abuse, Vol. VI. http://www.nddcb.gov.lk/Docs/research/Data_Collection_VI.pdf.

  25. Mahir, I. L. M., & Wazeema, T. M. F. (2020). Social aspects of drug addiction in Sri Lanka. Journal of Politics and Law, 13(2), 54. https://doi.org/10.5539/jpl.v13n2p54

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Vandenbroucke, J. P., et al. (2007). Strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology (STROBE): Explanation and elaboration. Epidemiology, 18(6), 805–835. https://doi.org/10.1097/EDE.0b013e3181577511

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Kularatna, S., Chen, G., Byrnes, J., & Scuffham, P. A. (2017). Mapping Sri Lankan EQ-5D-3L to EQ-5D-5L value sets. Value in Health Regional Issues, 12, 20–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vhri.2017.01.001

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Sakthong, P., Sonsa-ardjit, N., Sukarnjanaset, P., & Munpan, W. (2015). Psychometric properties of the EQ-5D-5L in Thai patients with chronic diseases Psychometric properties of the EQ-5D-5L in Thai patients with chronic diseases. Quality of Life Research. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-015-1038-z

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Pasareanu, A. R., Opsal, A., Vederhus, J. K., Kristensen, Ø., & Clausen, T. (2015). Quality of life improved following in-patient substance use disorder treatment. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 13(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12955-015-0231-7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Ma, Z., Liu, Y., Wan, C., Jiang, J., Li, X., & Zhang, Y. (2021). Health-related quality of life and in uencing factors in drug addicts based on the scale QLICD-DA: a cross-sectional study. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 20, 1–8.

    Google Scholar 

  31. Wang, P. W., et al. (2012). Change in quality of life and its predictors in heroin users receiving methadone maintenance treatment in Taiwan: An 18-month follow-up dtudy. American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 38(3), 213–219. https://doi.org/10.3109/00952990.2011.649222

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Baharom, N., Hassan, M. R., Ali, N., & Shah, S. A. (2012). Improvement of quality of life following 6 months of methadone maintenance therapy in Malaysia. Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy, 7, 6–8. https://doi.org/10.1186/1747-597X-7-32

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Yasin, H., Bulatova, N., & Wazaify, M. (2020). Patterns of substance use among patients in addiction rehabilitation in Jordan. Substance Use and Misuse, 55(7), 1035–1044. https://doi.org/10.1080/10826084.2020.1722697

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Klingemann, H. (2020). Successes and failures in treatment of substance abuse: Treatment system perspectives and lessons from the European continent*. Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 37(4), 323–337. https://doi.org/10.1177/1455072520941977

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. McLeLLan, T. A., Luborsky, L., Woody, G. E., & O’Brien, C. P. (2000). The addiction severity index. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 18(2), 129.

    Google Scholar 

  36. Jayamaha, R., et al. (2021). Effectiveness of the pharmacological interventions on abstinence of substance abuse disorder. Critical Care Innovations, 4(4), 19–33. https://doi.org/10.32114/CCI.2021.4.4.19.33

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. NDDCB. (2022). Treatment and Rehabilitation Division | National Dangerous Drugs Control Board. Retrieved June 12, 2022, from http://www.nddcb.gov.lk/treatment-and-rehabilitation-division.php.

  38. UNODC. (2020). International standards for the treatment of drug use disorders. WHO & UNODC.

  39. Dharmarathna, H. N. N. D. et al. (2021). Perceived effectiveness of theraputic community model as a rehabilitation approach for the individuals with substance use disorder, Sri Lanka. In Gari multidisciplinary symposium 2021, p. 165.

  40. Laudet, A. B. (2008). The road to recovery: Where are we going and how do we get there? Empirically-driven conclusions and future directions for service development and research. Substance Use and Misuse, 43, 515–525. https://doi.org/10.1080/10826080802293459.The

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Jalali A. et al. (2021). Pharmacotherapy: a secondary analysis of a clinical trial. Drug Alcohol Depend, 215(108221), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108221

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. Manning, V., et al. (2019). Improved quality of life following addiction treatment is associated with reductions in substance use. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 8(9), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm8091407

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. NDDCB. (2022). Designated and Private Treatment Centers | National Dangerous Drugs Control Board. Retrieved June 12, 2022, from http://www.nddcb.gov.lk/designated-and-private-treatment-centers.php.

  44. Scroope, C. (2022). “Sri Lankan Culture.” In: Cultural atlas. https://culturalatlas.sbs.com.au/sri-lankan-culture. Accessed 23 Mar 2022.

  45. Vederhus, J. K., Pripp, A., & Clausen, T. (2016). Quality of life in patients with substance use disorders admitted to detoxification compared with those admitted to hospitals for medical disorders: Follow-up results. Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment, 10, 31–37. https://doi.org/10.4137/SART.S39192

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Homish, G. G., Leonard, K. E., & Cornelius, J. R. (2008). Illicit drug use and marital satisfaction. Addictive Behaviors, 33(2), 279–291. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2007.09.015

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Greenfield, S. F., Sugarman, D. E., Muenz, L. R., Patterson, M. D., He, D. Y., & Weiss, R. D. (2003). The relationship between educational attainment and relapse among alcohol-dependent men and women: A prospective study. Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research, 27(8), 1278–1285. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.ALC.0000080669.20979.F2

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Sahker, E., Ali, S. R., & Arndt, S. (2019). Employment recovery capital in the treatment of substance use disorders: Six-month follow-up observations. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 205, 107624. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.107624

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Kabisa, E., Biracyaza, E., d’Amour Habagusenga, J., & Umubyeyi, A. (2021). Determinants and prevalence of relapse among patients with substance use disorders: case of Icyizere Psychotherapeutic Centre. Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy, 16(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13011-021-00347-0

    Article  Google Scholar 

  50. Jayamaha, A. R., et al. (2022). The pattern of substance use and characteristics of the individuals enrolled in residential treatment at selected rehabilitation centers in Sri Lanka: A descriptive cross-sectional study. Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment, 16, 117822182211008. https://doi.org/10.1177/11782218221100823

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This research was supported by the Accelerating Higher Education Expansion and Development (AHEAD) Operation of the Ministry of Education, Sri Lanka funded by the World Bank.

Funding

This research was funded by the World Bank [HEI DOR (R2) No.06] using the aid of the Accelerating Higher Education Expansion and Development (AHEAD) Operation of the Ministry of Education, Sri Lanka.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Graduate Studies, KIU, Battaramulla, Sri Lanka

    Akila R. Jayamaha, Nadeeka D. K. Ranadeva & Nirmani A. W. Samarakoon

  2. Higher Education Society Linkage Cell, KIU, Battaramulla, Sri Lanka

    Nimesha D. M. Herath & Medhavi M. Fernando

  3. Faculty of Nursing, KIU, Battaramulla, Sri Lanka

    Nishadi D. Dharmarathna, Hasini S. Sandakumari & Kerstin L. Samarasinghe

  4. National Dangerous Drugs Control Board, Rajagiriya, Sri Lanka

    Priyangi N. Amarabandu, Bhadrani Senanayake, Thamara Darshana & Nilani Renuka

  5. Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka

    Neluka Fernando

Authors
  1. Akila R. Jayamaha
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Nimesha D. M. Herath
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Nishadi D. Dharmarathna
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Hasini S. Sandakumari
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Nadeeka D. K. Ranadeva
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Medhavi M. Fernando
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Nirmani A. W. Samarakoon
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Priyangi N. Amarabandu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. Bhadrani Senanayake
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  10. Thamara Darshana
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  11. Nilani Renuka
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  12. Kerstin L. Samarasinghe
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  13. Neluka Fernando
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection, and analysis were performed by ARJ, NDMH, NDD, and MMF. The first draft of the manuscript was written by NDMH and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Nimesha D. M. Herath.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that there are no conflict of interest regarding the publication of this article.

Consent to participate

Informed consent was taken from all the participants prior to the data collection.

Ethical approval

Ethical approval for the study was obtained from the Ethics Review Committee of KAATSU International University, Sri Lanka (KIU/ERC/20/39). Further permission was obtained from the authorities of selected residential treatment centres prior to data collection.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Supplementary Information

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Supplementary file1 (SAV 89 KB)

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Jayamaha, A.R., Herath, N.D.M., Dharmarathna, N.D. et al. Health-related quality of life in patients with substance use disorders enrolled to the residential treatment in Sri Lanka: a retrospective cross-sectional study. Qual Life Res 32, 435–445 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-022-03270-4

Download citation

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-022-03270-4

Keywords

Search

Navigation