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Longitudinal associations of physical fitness and affect with depression, anxiety and life satisfaction in adult women with fibromyalgia

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A Correction to this article was published on 26 February 2022

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Abstract

Purpose

This study analysed the longitudinal associations of physical fitness and affect with depression, anxiety and life satisfaction at 2- and 5-year follow-up.

Methods

In 312 adult women with fibromyalgia, physical fitness was measured by performance-based tests and affect, depression, anxiety and life satisfaction were self-reported using the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), Beck Depression Inventory-second edition (BDI-II), State Trait Anxiety Inventory-I (STAI) and Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), respectively. We conducted sequential linear regression analyses adjusted for baseline levels of depression, anxiety, life satisfaction, age, body fat percentage and education.

Results

At the 2-year follow-up, all the associations under study were significant. At the 5-year follow-up, a number of associations remained significant. First, lowering negative affect was independently associated with lower depression, anxiety and higher life satisfaction (β’s from 0.14 to 0.31). Second, favourable changes in positive affect were independently associated with lower anxiety (β = 0.21) and higher life satisfaction (β = 0.28). Third, enhancing physical fitness was related to higher life satisfaction (β = 0.16).

Conclusion

Reductions in negative affect were associated with more favourable depression, anxiety and life satisfaction at the 2- and 5-year follow-up. Improvements in positive affect were associated with more favourable anxiety and life satisfaction and enhancements in physical fitness were associated with higher life satisfaction. If corroborated in clinical–experimental research, these findings may guide the development of interventions that are tailored to the levels of physical fitness, affect and the outcome of interest (i.e. depression, anxiety or life satisfaction) in women with fibromyalgia.

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Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully acknowledge all the participants for their collaboration and enthusiasm. The authors would like to thank the assistant researchers involved in this study and to all the members of the Physical Activity for HEaLth Promotion (PA-HELP; CTS-1018) Research Group and particularly to its leader Professor Manuel Delgado-Fernández.

Funding

This work was supported by the Spanish Ministries of Economy and Competitiveness (I+D+i DEP2010-15639; I+D+i DEP2013-40908-R) and the Spanish Ministry of Education (FPU15/00002). This study has been partially funded by the University of Granada, Plan Propio de Investigación 2016, Excellence Actions: Units of Excellence; Unit of Excellence on Exercise and Health (UCEES), and by the Junta de Andalucía, Consejería de Conocimiento, Investigación y Universidades and European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), Ref. SOMM17/6107/UGR. The funders of this study did not have any role in the study design, data collection and analyses, decision to publish or preparation of the manuscript.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychology, Rey Juan Carlos University, Madrid, Spain

    Octavio Luque-Reca

  2. Department of Education, Faculty of Education Sciences and SPORT Research Group (CTS-1024), CERNEP Research Center, University of Almería, Almería, Spain

    Alberto Soriano-Maldonado

  3. Physical Activity for Health Promotion Research Group (PA-HELP), Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Granada, Spain

    Blanca Gavilán-Carrera & Pedro Acosta-Manzano

  4. Occupational Therapy Division, Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain

    Patrocinio Ariza-Vega

  5. Department of Psychology, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain

    Gustavo A. Reyes del Paso

  6. Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences and Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain

    Blanca Gavilán-Carrera & Inmaculada C. Álvarez-Gallardo

  7. Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

    Fernando Estévez-López

Authors
  1. Octavio Luque-Reca
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  2. Alberto Soriano-Maldonado
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  3. Blanca Gavilán-Carrera
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  4. Pedro Acosta-Manzano
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  5. Patrocinio Ariza-Vega
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  7. Inmaculada C. Álvarez-Gallardo
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  8. Fernando Estévez-López
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Contributions

OL-R involved in conceptualization, methodology, software, formal analysis, resources, writing—original draft and visualization. AS-M and ICÁ-G participated in conceptualization, methodology, investigation, writing—review and editing and funding acquisition. BG-C and PA-M took part in conceptualization, methodology, investigation, data curation, writing—review and editing and funding acquisition. PA-V and GARP assisted in methodology, writing—review and editing. FE-L helped in conceptualization, methodology, software, validation, investigation, resources, writing—review and editing, supervision, project administration and funding acquisition. All authors have approved the final article.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Alberto Soriano-Maldonado.

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Luque-Reca, O., Soriano-Maldonado, A., Gavilán-Carrera, B. et al. Longitudinal associations of physical fitness and affect with depression, anxiety and life satisfaction in adult women with fibromyalgia. Qual Life Res 31, 2047–2058 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-021-03058-y

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