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The influence of diet quality and dietary behavior on health-related quality of life in the general population of children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis

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Abstract

Objective

The association between diet quality, dietary behavior and health-related quality of life has been mostly examined in children and adolescents with specific chronic diseases. No systematic review has synthesized the influence of diet quality and dietary behavior on health-related quality of life in the general population of children and adolescents. The purpose of this study was to systematically review the primary studies that evaluated the association between diet quality, dietary behavior and health-related quality of life in the general population of children and adolescents and to synthesize the findings for the association.

Methods

A computer search in the databases of MEDLINE, EMBASE and PSYCINFO was performed to retrieve English language studies that were published from 1946 up to April 8, 2018. We also screened the PubMed-related articles and the reference lists of the existing relevant literature to identify other eligible studies. We synthesized the association between diet quality, dietary behavior and health-related quality of life using both a qualitative method and meta-analysis. We reported the review following up the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline.

Results

Seventeen studies were included in the synthesis including twelve cross-sectional studies and five longitudinal studies. We found that diet quality and dietary behavior were associated with health-related quality of life in children and adolescents. The positive effect of healthy diets on health-related quality of life was observed for multiple domains of health-related quality of life, including physical, school and emotional functioning, and psychosocial quality of life. We observed a dose–response relationship between the diet exposure and health-related quality of life, where an unhealthy dietary behavior or lower diet quality was associated with decreased health-related quality of life among children and adolescents.

Conclusion

The findings of the systematic review suggest the importance of promoting healthy diets and nutrition for good health-related quality of life among children and adolescents. Future research is needed to strengthen the evidence for prospective relationships and for the dose–response effect between diet quality, dietary behavior and health-related quality of life among children and adolescents.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank the staffs of the Department of Scientific Research Management, Weifang Medical University, for their work related to the program management.

Funding

The present study was funded by Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province, China (Grant number: ZR2017LH060).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Public Health and Management, Weifang Medical University, 7166 Baotong West Street, 261053, Weifang, Shandong, China

    Xiu Yun Wu, Li Hui Zhuang, Wei Li, Hong Wei Guo, Jian Hua Zhang, Yan Kui Zhao, Jin Wei Hu, Qian Qian Gao & Sheng Luo

  2. School of Public Health, University of Alberta, 350 University Terrace, 8303 - 112 Street, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2T4, Canada

    Arto Ohinmaa & Paul J. Veugelers

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  1. Xiu Yun Wu
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  2. Li Hui Zhuang
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  3. Wei Li
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  10. Arto Ohinmaa
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Contributions

Conceptualization: XYW; Literature searching: XYW; Study selection, data extraction and quality assessment: XYW and LHZH; Data analysis: XYW; Draft of the manuscript writing: XYW; Manuscript writing—Review and editing: All authors. All authors have reviewed and approved the manuscript.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Xiu Yun Wu or Li Hui Zhuang.

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Wu, X.Y., Zhuang, L.H., Li, W. et al. The influence of diet quality and dietary behavior on health-related quality of life in the general population of children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Qual Life Res 28, 1989–2015 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-019-02162-4

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