Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

Labour market inclusion and economic well-being: a trajectory analysis for some European countries (1995–2019)

  • Published:
Quality & Quantity Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The Europe 2020 strategy has been implemented since 2010 to recover from the Great Recession which has affected European Union countries. One pillar of this strategy is that economic growth should be sustainable and inclusive. Focusing on the concept of inclusiveness, a set of economic indicators observed over the 1995–2019 period in a subgroup of member countries is selected. To track the evolution of inclusive growth in each country, we propose an approach towards three-way data analysis. Using such an approach, a time trajectory showing the dynamics of labour market inclusion and economic well-being in each country can be plotted. This graphical analysis allows us to examine the extent to which economic growth has been inclusive in each country and compare the growth paths of different countries. The results show that economic growth has been heterogeneous across countries and has been coupled with a more inclusive labour market only in some countries.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Alesina, A., Perotti, R.: Income distribution, political instability, and investment. Eur. Econ. Rev. 40(6), 1203–1228 (1996)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Amable, B.: The Diversity of Modern Capitalism. Oxford University Press, Oxford (2003)

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Bhalla, S.: Inclusive growth? Focus on employment. Soc. Sci. 66, 24–43 (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  • Boda, M., Považanová, M.: Gender Asymmetry in Okun’s Law in the Four PIGS Countries. Procedia Econ. Finance 30, 111–123 (2015)

  • Bolasco, S.: Analisi multidimensionale dei dati - Metodi, strategie e criteri d’interpretazione. Carocci editore, Roma (1999)

  • Bubbico, R.L., Freytag, L.: Inequality in Europe. European Investment Bank (2018)

  • Burroni, L.: Capitalismi a confronto—Istituzioni e regolazione dell’economia nei paesi europei. Il Mulino, Bologna (2016)

  • Burroni, L., Trigilia, C.: Le città dell’innovazione. Dove e perchà cresce l’alta tecnologia in Italia. Il Mulino, Bologna (2011)

  • Castellano, R., Rocca, A.: The dynamic of the gender gap in the European labour market in the years of economic crisis. Qual. Quant. 51, 1337–1357 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Coppi, R.: Analysis of three-way data matrices based on pairwise relation measures. In: Compstat: Proceedings in Computational Statistics. Physica-Verlag, Wien (1986)

  • Coppi, R., Zanella, F.: L’analisi fattoriale di una serie temporale multipla relativa allo stesso insieme di unità statistiche. In: Atti della XXIX Riunione Scientifica della SIS. Bologna (1978)

  • D’Urso, P.: Dissimilarity measures for time trajectories. J. Ital. Stat. Soc. 6, 53–83 (2000)

  • Darvas, Z., Wolff, G.B.: An anatomy of inclusive growth in Europe. Bruegel Blueprint, 26 (2016)

  • Escoufier, Y.: Three-mode data analysis: the STATIS method. In: Fichet, B., Lauro, C. (eds.) Methods for Multidimensional Data Analysis, pp. 259–272. ECAS, Napoli (1987)

    Google Scholar 

  • Eurostat: Eurostat Statistics Explained. National Accounts and GDP. Data extracted in August 2020 (2020a)

  • Eurostat: Eurostat Statistics Explained. Statistics on Young People Neither in Employment Nor in Education or Training. Data extracted in April 2020 (2020b)

  • Eurostat: Eurostat Statistics Explained. Employment. Annual Statistics. Data extracted in April 2020 (2020c)

  • Federici, A., Mazzitelli, A.: Dynamic factor analysis with STATA. In: 2nd Italian Stata Users Group Meeting, Milano, Italy (2005)

  • Gialis, S., Leontidou, L.: Antinomies of flexibilization and atypical employment in Mediterranean Europe: Greek, Italian and Spanish regions during the crisis. Eur. Urban Region. Stud. 23(4), 716–733 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jolliffe, I.: Principal Component Analysis. Springer, New York (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  • Jolliffe, I., Cadima, J.: Principal component analysis: a review and recent developments. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. A 374, 20150202 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kiers, H.A.L.: Towards a standardized notation and terminology in multiway analysis. J. Chemom. 14, 105–122 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mariani, P., Marletta, A, Michelangeli, A.: Inclusive growth in European countries: a cointegration analysis. SIS 2019 (2019)

  • Milanovic, B.: Global Inequality: A New Approach for the Age of Globalization. Harvard University Press, Harvard (2016)

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • OECD: All On Board: Making Inclusive Growth Happen, OECD (2014)

  • Regini, M.: Tavola rotonda: La crisi e il capitalismo mediterraneo: temi e problemi. Tratto da Europa del Sud: la regolazione sociale dell’economia nel capitalismo mediterraneo (2015)

  • Rizzi, A.: Clustering per le matrici a tre vie. Statistica 49, 195–208 (1989)

    Google Scholar 

  • Rizzi, A., Vichi, M.: Relations between sets of variates of a three-way data set. Statistica Applicata 4(4), 635–651 (1992)

    Google Scholar 

  • Rizzi, A., Vichi, M.: Representation, synthesis, variability and data pre-processing of a three-way data set. Comput. Stat. Data Anal. 19, 203–222 (1995)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sapir, A.: Globalization and the reform of European social models. J. Common Mark. Stud. 44(2), 369–390 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Scriptema: Il capitalismo continentale: Competitività e Dualismo (2017)

  • Tassinari, G. Vichi M.: La dinamica economica dei paesi avanzati negli anni ottanta: riflessionisulle traiettorie risultanti dall’analisi di matrici a tre vie. Giornale degli Economisti e Annali di Economia, Nuova Serie, Anno 53, No. 1/3(Gennaio-Marzo 1994), pp. 101–133, EGEA SpA (1994)

  • United Nations: Transforming Our World: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (2016)

  • Vichi, M.: L’analisi in matrici fattoriali di una matrice a tre indici. Statistica 1(4), 525–546 (1990)

  • World Bank: Poverty and Shared Prosperity, Taking on Inequality (2016)

  • Zhuang, J., Ali, I.: Poverty, inequality, and inclusive growth in Asia. In: Poverty, Inequality, and Inclusive Growth: Measurement, Policy Issues, and Country Studies, pp. 1–32 (2010)

Download references

Acknowledgements

We thank three anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments on a previous version of the article.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Andrea Marletta.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare to have not conflict of interest.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Mariani, P., Marletta, A., Mussini, M. et al. Labour market inclusion and economic well-being: a trajectory analysis for some European countries (1995–2019). Qual Quant 56, 4465–4486 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-021-01301-9

Download citation

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-021-01301-9

Keywords

Navigation