Abstract
The scholarship on gender and globalization has contributed a far more complex picture of the impact of global processes as well as added a crucial gendered perspective on such processes. It has shown us how global processes may reinscribe, alter, and challenge sex/gender orders, which are not necessarily coherent or hegemonic. Yet, we think there is more that gender and globalization scholarship can do to enhance understandings of global processes. We argue that to do so, the literature needs to develop further by overcoming several limitations: (1) an understanding of gender that still tends to reflect the binary sex/gender arrangements common to Western societies, while failing to address the influence of colonial histories and postcolonial states (Roberts and Connell, Feminist Theory 17(2): 135–140, 2016; Sinha 2012); (2) a gender asymmetry, i.e., a disproportionate focus on women; (3) a narrow set of issues that come under its analytical lens; (4) a primary focus outside the US; and finally (5) a gender division of intellectual labor in which primarily feminists who identify as women study gender and globalization while those who identify as men, feminist or otherwise, tend to study a gender blind globalization. In this introduction, we examine the development of the gender and globalization literature, discuss how the articles in this special issue expand on it, and conclude with future directions for this burgeoning field.
Similar content being viewed by others
Explore related subjects
Discover the latest articles, news and stories from top researchers in related subjects.References
Abu-Lughod, Lila. 2013. Do Muslim women need saving? Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Alvarez, Sonia E. 2000. Translating the global effects of transnational organizing on local feminist discourses and practices in Latin America. Meridians 1(1): 29–67.
Avishai, Orit, Afshan Jafar, and Rachel Rinaldo. 2015. A gender lens on religion. Gender and Society 29(1): 5–25.
Bair, Jennifer. 2010. On difference and capital: Gender and the gobalization of production. Signs 36(1): 203–226.
Beneria, Lourdes, Carmen Diana Deere, and Naila Kabeer. 2012. Gender and international migration: Globalization, development, and governance. Feminist Economics 18(2): 1–33.
Bernal, Victoria and Inderpal, Grewal. 2014. Introduction: The NGO form: Feminist struggles,states, and neoliberalism In Theorizing NGOs: States, feminisms, and neoliberalism, eds.
Blackwood, Evelyn. 2010. Falling into the lesbi world. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.
Blackwood, Evelyn, and Saskia E. Wieringa. 2007. Globalization, sexuality, and silences: Women’s sexualities and masculinities in an Asian context. In Women’s sexualities and masculinities in a globalizing Asia, ed. S.E. Wieringa, E. Blackwood, and A. Bhaiya, 1–20. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Boellstorff, Tom. 2005. Between religion and desire: Being Muslim and gay in Indonesia. American Anthropologist 107(4): 575–585.
Bose, Christine E. 2015. Patterns of global gender inequalities and regional gender regimes. Gender and Society 29(6): 767–791.
Carrillo, Hector. 2002. The night is young: Sexuality in Mexico in the time of AIDS. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
Charrad, Mounira M. 2010. Women’s agency across cultures: Conceptualizing strengths and boundaries. Women's Studies International Forum 33(6): 517–522.
Choo, Hae Yeon. 2016. Decentering citizenship: Gender, labor, and migrant rights in South Korea. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Connell, Raewyn. 1987. Gender and power: Society, the person, and sexual politics. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
Connell, Raewyn. 2016. Masculinities in global perspective: Hegemony, contestation, and changing structures of power. Theory and Society 45(4): 303–318.
Connell, Raewyn, and James W. Messerschmidt. 2005. Hegemonic masculinity: Rethinking the concept. Gender and Society 19(6): 829–859.
Constable, Nicole. 1997. Maid to order in Hong Kong: Stories of Filipina workers. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
Conway, Janet M. 2013. Edges of global justice: The world social forum and its “others”. New York: Routledge.
Currier, Ashley. 2012. Out in Africa: LGBT organizing in Namibia and South Africa. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.
Dave, Naisargi. 2012. Queer activism in India: A story in the anthropology of ethics. Durham: Duke University Press Books.
David, Emmanuel. 2015. Purple collar labor: Transgender workers and queer value at global call centers in the Philippines. Gender and Society 29(2): 169–194.
Decoteau, Claire. 2013. The crisis of liberation: Masculinity, neoliberalism, and HIV/AIDS in Postapartheid South Africa. Men and Masculinities 16(2): 139–159.
Desai, Manisha. 2007. The messy relationship between feminisms and globalizations. Gender and Society 21(6): 797–803.
Desai, Manisha. 2008. Gender and the politics of possibilities: Rethinking globalization. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
Desai, Manisha. 2013. Theorizing transnational feminisms. International Feminist Journal of Politics 15(3): 427–433.
Desai, Manisha. 2015. Subaltern movement in India: Gendered geographies of struggle against neoliberal development. New York: Routledge.
Dreby, Joanna. 2010. Divided by borders: Mexican migrants and their children. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Duggan, Lisa. 2002. The new homonormativity: The sexual politics of neoliberalism. In Materializing democracy: Toward a revitalized cultural politics, ed. Russ Castronovo, and Dana D. Nelson, 175–194. Durham: Duke University Press.
Ehrenreich, Barbara, and Arlie Russell Hochschild. 2002. Global woman: Nannies, maids and sex workers in the new economy. New York: Metropolitan Books.
Eisenstein, Hester. 2009. Feminism seduced: How global elites use women’s labor and ideas to exploit the world. Boulder, CO: Paradigm Publishers.
Epstein, Steven, and Hector Carrillo. 2014. Immigrant sexual citizenship: Intersectional templates among Mexican gay immigrants to the USA. Citizenship Studies 18(3–4): 259–276.
Escobar, Arturo. 2008. Territories of difference: Place, movements, life, redes. Durham: Duke University Press.
Fernandez-Kelly, Maria. 1983. For We are sold, I and my people: Women and industry in Mexico’s frontier. Albany: State University of New York Press.
Ferree, Myra Marx, and Aili Mari Tripp. 2006. Global feminism: Transnational women’s activism, organizing, and human rights. New York: New York University Press.
Freeman, Carla. 2000. High tech and high heels in the global economy: Women, work, and pink collar identities in the Caribbean. Durham: Duke University Press.
Grewal, Inderpal, and Caren Kaplan. 1994. Scattered hegemonies: Postmodernity and transnational feminist practices. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
Grewal, Inderpal, and Caren Kaplan. 2001. Global identities: Theorizing transnational studies of sexuality. GLQ: A Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies 7(4): 663–679.
Gutmann, Matthew C. 2006. The meanings of Macho: Being a man in Mexico City. 10th, Anniversary edn. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Herrera, Gioconda. 2013. Gender and international migration: Contributions and cross-fertilizations. Annual Review of Sociology 39: 471–489.
Hoang, Kimberly Kay. 2014. Vietnam rising dragon: Contesting dominant western, masculinities in Vietnam’s global sex industry. International Journal of Politics, Culture, and Society 27(2): 259–271.
Hoang, Kimberly Kay. 2015. Dealing in desire: Asian ascendancy, western decline, and the hidden currencies of global sex work. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Hondagneu-Sotelo, Pierrette. 2001. Domestica: Immigrant workers cleaning and caring in the shadows of affluence. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Jafar, Afshan. 2007. Engaging fundamentalism: The case of women’s NGOs in Pakistan. Social Problems 54(3): 256–273.
Joshi, Deepa. 2015. Gender change in the globalization of agriculture? Peace Review 27(2): 165–174.
Khanna, Akshay. 2005. Beyond sexuality (?). In Because I have a voice: Queer politics in India, ed. Arvind Narrain, and Gautam Bhan, 89–103. New Delhi: Yoda Press.
Kilkey, Majella. 2010. Men and domestic labor: A missing link in the global care chain. Men and Masculinities 13(1): 126–149.
Kim-Puri, H.J. 2005. Conceptualizing gender-sexuality-state-nation: An introduction. Gender and Society 19(2): 137–159.
Lee, Ching Kwan. 1998. Gender and the South China miracle: Two worlds of factory women. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Manalansan, Martin F. 2002. A queer itinerary: Deviant excursions into modernities. In Out in theory: The emergence of lesbian and gay anthropology, ed. Ellen Lewin, and William Leap, 246–263. Urbana and Chicago, IL: University of Illinois Press.
Manalansan, Martin F. 2006. Queer intersections: Sexuality and gender in migration studies. International Migration Review 40(1): 224–249.
Matlon, Jordanna. 2016. Forthcoming. Racial capitalism and the crisis of Black masculinity American Sociological Review Forthcoming.
Menjivar, Cecilia. 2002. Living in two worlds? Guatemalan-origin children in the United States and emerging transnationalism. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 28(u): 531–556.
Millan, Margara. 2016. The traveling of “gender” and its accompanying baggage: Thoughts on the translation of feminism(s), the globalization of discourses, and representational divides. European Journal of Women’s Studies 23(1): 6–27.
Moghadam, Valentine. 1999. Gender and globalization: Female labor and women’s mobilization. Journal of World Systems Research 5(2): 366–389.
Moghadam, Valentine. 2005. Globalizing women: Transnational feminist networks. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
Moghadam, Valentine. 2013. Globalization and social movements: Islamism, feminism, and the global justice movement, 2nd edn. Lanham: Rowman and Littlefield.
Mohanty, Chandra Talpade. 1988. Under western eyes: Feminist scholarship and colonial discourses. Feminist Review 30: 61–88.
Mohanty, Chandra Talpade. 2003. Feminism without borders: Decolonizing theory, practicing solidarity. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
Mojola, Sanyu. 2014. Love, money, and HIV: Becoming a modern African woman in the age of AIDS. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
Momsen, Janet Henshall. 1999. Gender, migration, and domestic service. London: Routledge.
Morrell, Robert. 2001. Changing men in southern Africa. London: Zed Books.
Naples, Nancy A., and Manisha Desai. 2002. Women’s activism and globalization: Linking local struggles and transnational politics. New York: Routledge.
Ngai, Pun. 2005. Made in China: Women factory workers in a global workplace. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
Ong, Aihwa. 1987. Spirits of resistance and capitalist discipline: Factory women in Malaysia. Albany: State University of New York Press.
Otis, Eileen. 2011. Markets and bodies: Women, service work, and the making of inequality in China. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
Pande, Amrita. 2010. Commercial surrogacy in India: Manufacturing a perfect mother-worker. Signs 35(4): 969–992.
Pande, Amrita. 2011. Transnational commercial surrogacy in India: Gifts for global sisters? Reproductive BioMedicine Online 23(5): 618–625.
Parrenas, Rhacel Salazar. 2001. Servants of globalization: Women, migration and domestic work. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
Parrenas, Rhacel Salazar. 2011. Illicit flirtations: Labor, migration, and sex trafficking in Tokyo. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
Patil, Vrushali. 2011. Transnational feminism in sociology: Articulations, agendas, debates. Sociology Compass 5(7): 540–550.
Patil, Vrushali. 2013. From patriarchy to intersectionality: A transnational feminist assessment of how far we’ve really come. Signs 38(4): 847–867.
Plankey-Videla, Nancy. 2012. We are in this dance together: Gender, power, and globalization at a Mexican garment firm. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.
Puar, Jasbir K. 2007. Terrorist assemblages: Homonationalism in queer times. Durham: Duke University Press.
Puri, Jyoti. 1999. Woman, body, desire in post-colonial India: Narratives of gender and sexuality. New York: Routledge.
Puri, Jyoti. 2008. Gay sexualities and complicities: Rethinking the global gay. In Gender and globalization in Asian and the Pacific: Method, practice, theory, ed. Kathy Ferguson, and Monique Mironesco, 59–78. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.
Purkayastha, Bandana. 2005. Skilled migration and cumulative disadvantage: The case of highly qualified Asian Indian immigrant women in the U.S. Geoforum 36(2): 181–196.
Radhakrishnan, Smitha, and Cinzia Solari. 2015. Empowered women, failed patriarchs: Neoliberalism and global gender anxieties. Sociology Compass 9(9): 784–802.
Ray, Raka, and Anna Korteweg. 1999. Women’s movements in the third world: Identity, mobilization, and autonomy. Annual Review of Sociology 25: 47–71.
Richards, Patricia. 2005. The politics of gender, human rights, and being indigenous in Chile. Gender and Society 19(2): 199–220.
Richards, Patricia. 2013. Race and the Chilean miracle: Neoliberalism, democracy, and indigenous rights. Pittsburg: University of Pittsburgh Press.
Rinaldo, Rachel. 2013. Mobilizing piety: Islam and feminism in Indonesia. New York: Oxford University Press.
Roberts, Celia, and Raewyn Connell. 2016. Feminist theory and the global south. Feminist Theory 17(2): 135–140.
Rudrappa, Sharmila. 2012. India’s reproductive assembly line. Contexts 11(2): 22–27.
Rudrappa, Sharmila, and Caitlyn Collins. 2015. Altruistic agencies and compassionate consumers: Moral framings of transnational surrogacy. Gender and Society 29(6): 937–959.
Salzinger, Leslie. 2003. Genders in production: Making workers in Mexico’s global factories. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Salzinger, Leslie. 2004. Revealing the unmarked finding masculinity in a global factory. Ethnography 5(1): 5–27.
Salzinger, Leslie. 2016. Re-marking men: Masculinity as a terrain of the neoliberal economy. Critical Historical Studies 3(1): 1–25.
Santos, Boaventura de Sousa. 2007. Another knowledge is possible: Beyond northern epistemologies. London: Verso.
Sassen, Saskia. 2000. Women’s burden: Counter-geographies of globalization and the feminization of survival. Journal of International Affairs 53(2): 503–524.
Scott, Joan. 1999. Gender and the politics of history, Revised edn. New York: Columbia University Press.
Silvey, Rachel. 2004. Transnational migration and the gender politics of scale: Indonesian domestic workers in Saudi Arabia. Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography 25(2): 141–155.
Sinha, Mrinalini. 2012. A global perspective on gender: What’s South Asia got to do with it? In South Asian feminisms, eds. Loomba, Anita & Lukose, Ritty A. 356–374. Durham: Duke University Press.
Smith, Daniel Jordan. 2014. AIDS doesn’t show its face: Inequality, morality, and social change in Nigeria. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Spivak, Gayatri Chakravorty. 2005. Scattered speculations on the subaltern and the popular. Postcolonial Studies 8(4): 475–486.
Stacey, Judith, and Barrie Thorne. 1985. The missing feminist revolution in sociology. Social Problems 32(4): 301–316.
Tejani, Sheba, and William Milberg. 2016. Global defeminization? Industrial upgrading and manufacturing employment in developing countries. Feminist Economics 22(2): 24–54.
Thayer, Millie. 2010. Making transnational feminism: Rural women, NGO activists, and northern donors in Brazil. New York: Routledge.
Viterna, Jocelyn. 2013. Women in war: The micro-processes of mobilization in El Salvador. New York: Oxford University Press.
Walsh, Catherine. 2012. Afro in/exclusion, resistance, and the “progressive” dtate: (de)colonial struggles, questions, and reflections. In Black social movements in Latin America: From monocultural mestizaje to multiculturalism, Jean M. Rahier, 15–34 .Palgrave Macmillan US
Wieringa, Saskia E., Evelyn Blackwood, and Abha Bhaiya. 2007. Women’s sexualities and masculinities in a globalizing Asia. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Wolf, Diane L. 1992. Factory daughters: Gender, household dynamics, and rural industrialization in java. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Wyrod, Robert. 2016. AIDS and masculinity in the African city: Privilege, inequality, and modern manhood. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Yeates, Nicola. 2005. A global political economy of care. Social Policy and Society 4(2): 227–234.
Zakia, Salime. 2012. Between feminism and Islam: Human rights and sharia law in Morocco. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
Zimmerman, Mary K., Jacquelyn S. Litt, and Christine E. Bose. 2006. Global dimensions of gender and carework. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Acknowledgments
We are grateful to Rae Blumberg, Hae Yeon Choo, Ashley Currier, and Valentine Moghadam for their participation in the symposium that inspired this special issue. This introduction has also benefited greatly from comments and suggestions from Christine Bose, Janet Conway, Myra Marx Ferree, and Afshan Jafar as well as two anonymous members of the Qualitative Sociology editorial board. Koyel Khan provided valuable help with the preparation of this introduction. We especially want to thank David Smilde for his support and advice and Rebecca Hanson for her extensive assistance with this special issue. Finally, thanks also to all those who reviewed manuscripts and to Leslie Salzinger for writing the Afterword.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Desai, M., Rinaldo, R. Reorienting Gender and Globalization: Introduction to the Special Issue. Qual Sociol 39, 337–351 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11133-016-9340-9
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11133-016-9340-9