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In vitro Utilization of Gold and Green Kiwifruit Oligosaccharides by Human Gut Microbial Populations

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Abstract

We examined the effects of whole kiwifruit on gut microbiota using an in vitro batch model of gastric-ileal digestion and colonic fermentation. Faecal fermentations of gold and green kiwifruit, inulin and water (control) digests were performed for up to 48 h. As compared to the control, gold and green kiwifruit increased Bifidobacterium spp. by 0.9 and 0.8 log10 cfu/ml, respectively (P < 0.001), and the Bacteroides-Prevotella-Porphyromonas group by 0.4 and 0.5 log10 cfu/ml, respectively. Inulin only had a bifidogenic effect (+0.4 log10 cfu/ml). This was accompanied with increases in microbial glycosidases, especially those with substrate specificities relating to the breakdown of kiwifruit oligosaccharides, and with increased generation of short chain fatty acids. The microbial metabolic activity was sustained for up to 48 h, which we attribute to the complexity of the carbohydrate substrate provided by whole kiwifruit. Kiwifruit fermenta supernatant was also separately shown to affect the in vitro proliferation of Bifidobacterium longum, and its adhesion to Caco-2 intestinal epithelial cells. Collectively, these data suggest that whole kiwifruit may modulate human gut microbial composition and metabolism to produce metabolites conducive to increased bifidobacteria-host association.

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Abbreviations

CFBM:

Carbohydrate free basal medium

SCFA:

Short chain fatty acid

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Acknowledgements

This work was funded by ZESPRI Group Ltd (Mount Maunganui, New Zealand), contract #24818. We acknowledge the expert advice of Glenn Gibson (University of Reading, Reading, UK), Roger Lentle (Massey University, Palmerston North, NZ), Ian Sims (Industrial Research Ltd., Lower Hutt, NZ) and Gerald Tannock (University of Otago, Dunedin, NZ). We appreciate the critical reviewing of this manuscript performed by Christine Butts and David Stevenson.

Conflict of Interest

The authors declared no conflict of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Private Bag 3123, Hamilton, 3240, New Zealand

    Shanthi G. Parkar & Janet E. Phipps

  2. The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand

    Gunaranjan Paturi

  3. The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand

    Doug Rosendale, Thanuja D. Herath, Halina Stoklosinski, Duncan Hedderley & Juliet Ansell

  4. Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand

    Juliet Ansell

  5. Plant & Food Research Ruakura, Private Bag 3230, Waikato Mail Center, Hamilton, 3240, New Zealand

    Shanthi G. Parkar

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  1. Shanthi G. Parkar
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Correspondence to Shanthi G. Parkar.

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Parkar, S.G., Rosendale, D., Paturi, G. et al. In vitro Utilization of Gold and Green Kiwifruit Oligosaccharides by Human Gut Microbial Populations. Plant Foods Hum Nutr 67, 200–207 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11130-012-0293-1

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