Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Wakame and Nori in Restructured Meats Included in Cholesterol-enriched Diets Affect the Antioxidant Enzyme Gene Expressions and Activities in Wistar Rats

  • ORIGINAL PAPER
  • Published:
Plant Foods for Human Nutrition Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The effects of diets including restructured meats (RM) containing Wakame or Nori on total liver glutathione status, and several antioxidant enzyme gene expressions and activities were tested. Six groups of ten male growing Wistar rats each were fed a mix of 85% AIN-93 M diet and 15% freeze-dried RM for 35 days. The control group (C) consumed control RM, the Wakame (W) and the Nori (N) groups, RM with 5% Wakame and 5% Nori, respectively. Animals on added cholesterol diets (CC, CW, and CN) consumed their corresponding basal diets added with cholesterol (2%) and cholic acid (0.4%). Alga and dietary cholesterol significantly interact (P < 0.002) influencing all enzyme expressions but not activities. The cholesterol supplement decreased most enzyme expression and activity. W-RM vs. C-RM increased (P < 0.05) expression of GPx, GR, Mn-SOD, and Cu,Zn-SOD and decreased that of catalase. N-RM vs. C-RM increased (P < 0.05) expression of catalase and Mn-SOD. GR activity increased in W-RM rats while SOD activity increased, but that of Se-GPx decreased in N animals. W-RM increased total and reduced glutathione and decreased the redox index. CN diet induced significantly lower plasma cholesterol levels (P < 0.001) than the CW diet. In conclusion, Nori-RM is a hypocholesterolemic food while Wakame-RM is an antioxidant food. This should be taken into account when including this kind of RM as potential functional foods in human.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Jimenez-Colmenero F, Carballo J, Cofrades S (2001) Healthier meat and meat products: their role as functional foods. Meat Sci 59:5–13

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Lopez-Lopez I, Bastida S, Ruiz-Capillas C, Bravo L, Larrea MT, Sanchez-Muniz FJ, Cofrades S, Jimenez-Colmenero F (2009) Composition and antioxidant capacity of low-salt meat emulsion model systems containing edible seaweeds. Meat Sci 83:492–498

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Bocanegra A, Bastida S, Benedi J, Rodenas S, Sanchez-Muniz FJ (2009) Characteristics and nutritional and cardiovascular-health properties of seaweeds. J Med Food 12:1–24

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Bocanegra A, Bastida S, Benedi J, Nus M, Sanchez-Montero JM, Sanchez-Muniz FJ (2009) Effect of seaweed and cholesterol-enriched diets on postprandial lipoproteinaemia in rats. Br J Nutr 102:1728–1739

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Mahfouz MM, Kummerow FA (2000) Cholesterol-rich diets have different effects on lipid peroxidation, cholesterol oxides and antioxidant enzymes in rats and rabbits. J Nutr Biochem 11:293–302

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Napoli C, Glass CK, Witztum JL, Deutsch R, D’Armiento FP, Palinski W (1999) Influence of maternal hypercholesterolaemia during pregnancy on progression of early atherosclerotic lesions in childhood: fate of early lesions in children (FELIC) study. Lancet 354(9186):1234–1241

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Iwai K (2008) Antidiabetic and antioxidant effects of polyphenols in brown alga (Ecklonia stolonifera) in genetically diabetic KK-Ay mice. Plant Foods Hum Nutr 63:163–169

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Bocanegra A, Benedi J, Sanchez-Muniz FJ (2006) Differential effects of Konbu and Nori seaweed dietary supplementation on liver glutathione status in normo and hypercholesterolaemic growing rats. Br J Nutr 95:696–702

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Wright MO, Burden V, Lee J, Eitenmiller RR, Fischer JG (1999) High dietary iron enhances oxidative stress in liver but does not increase aberrant crypt foci development in rats with low vitamin E status. Nutr Cancer 35:143–152

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Barga de Quiroga G, Perez de Campo R, Lopez-Torres M (1990) Antioxidant defences and peroxidation in liver and brain of aged rats. Biochem J 272:247–250

    Google Scholar 

  11. Paglia D, Valentine W (1967) Studies on the quantitative and qualitative characterization of erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase. J Lab Clin Med 70:158–169

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Lawrence R, Burk R (1976) Glutathione peroxidase activity in selenium- deficient rat liver. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 7:952–958

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Aebi H (1984) Catalase in vitro. Methods Enzymol 105:121–126

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Marklund SL (1985) Pyrogallol autoxidation. In: Greenwald RA (ed) Handbook of Methods for Oxygen Radical Research. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, pp 243–247

    Google Scholar 

  15. Bradford MM (1976) A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal Biochem 72:248–254

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Hissin PF, Hilf R (1976) A fluorimetric method for determination of oxidized and reduced glutathione in tissues. Anal Biochem 74:214–226

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Mihara M, Uchiyama M (1978) Determination of malonaldehyde precursor in tissues by thiobarbituric acid test. Anal Biochem 86:271–278

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Chomeczynki P, Sacchi N (1987) Single-step method of RNA isolation by acid guanidinium thiocyanate–phenol–chloroform extraction. Anal Biochem 162:156–159

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Olivero-David R, Bastida S, Schultz A, Gonzalez-Torres L, Gonzalez-Munoz MJ, Sanchez-Muniz FJ, Benedi J (2010) Fasting status and thermally oxidized sunflower oil ingestion affect the intestinal antioxidant enzyme activity and gene expression of male Wistar rats. J Agric Food Chem 58:2498–2504

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Colombo ML, Risè P, Giavarini F, de Angelis L, Galli C, Bolis CL (2006) Marine macroalgae as sources of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Plant Foods Hum Nutr 61:67–72

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Yan X, Nagata T, Fan X (1998) Antioxidative activities in some common seaweeds. Plant Foods Hum Nutr 52:253–262

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Wong KH, Sam SW, Cheung PCK, Ang PO (1999) Changes in lipid profiles of rats fed with seaweed-based diets. Nutr Res 19:1519–1527

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Oben J, Enonchong E, Kuate D, Mbanya D, Thomas TC, Hildreth DJ, Ingolia TD, Tempesta MS (2007) The effects of ProAlgaZyme novel algae infusion on metabolic syndrome and markers of cardiovascular health. Lipids Health Dis 6:20

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Murata M, Sano Y, Ishihara K, Uchida M (2002) Dietary fish oil and Undaria pinnatifida (Wakame) synergistically decrease rat serum and liver triacylglycerol. J Nutr 132:742–747

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Viejo J, Garcia-Linares MC, Bastida S, Garcia-Arias MT, Sanchez-Muniz FJ (2003) Effect of olive oil-fried sardine consumption on liver lipid composition and fatty acid esterification in hypercholesterolemic rats. Food Sci Technol Int 9:329–338

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Jimenez-Escrig A, Sanchez-Muniz FJ (2000) Dietary fibre from edible seaweeds: chemical structure physicochemical properties and effects on cholesterol metabolism. Nutr Res 20:585–598

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Ito K, Tsuchiya Y (1972) The effect of algal polysaccharides on the depressing of plasma cholesterol level in rats. In: Proceeding of the Seventh International Seaweed Symposium. Tokyo/University Press, pp 451–454

  28. Ren D, Noda H, Amano H, Nishino T, Nishizawa K (1994) Study on antihypertensive and antihyperlipidemic effects of marine algae. Fish Sci 60:83–88

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Sanchez-Muniz FJ, Cava F, Viejo JM, Bastida S, Higon E, Marcos A (1996) Olive oil-fried sardines in the prevention of dietary hypercholesterolemia in rats. Effects on some serum lipids and cell-damage marker enzymes. Nutr Res 16:111–121

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Jimenez-Colmenero F (2007) Meat based functional foods. In: Hui YH, Chandan R, Clark S, Cross NA, Nollet LM (eds) Handbook of Food Products Manufacturing. Hui John Wiley & Son, New Jersey, pp 989–1015

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  31. Glombitza KW, Keusgen M (1995) Fuhalols and deshydroxyfuhalols from the brown alga Sargassum spinuligerum. Phytochemistry 38:987–995

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Shibata T, Nagayama K, Tanaka R, Yamaguchi K, Nakamura TJ (2003) Inhibitory effects of brown algal phlorotannins on secretory phospholipase A2s, lipoxygenases and cycloxygenases. J Appl Phycol 15:61–66

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Kang HS, Kim HR, Byun DS, Son BW, Nam TJ, Choi JS (2004) Tyrosinase inhibitors isolated from the edible brown alga Ecklonia stolonifera. Arch Pharm Res 27:1226–1232

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Nikaido M, Pi J, Jumagai Y, Yamauchi H, Taguchi K, Horiguchi S, Sun Y, Sun G, Shimojo N (2003) Decreased enzyme activity of hepatic thioredoxin reductase and glutathione reductase in rabbits by prolonged exposure to inorganic arsenate. Environ Toxicol 18:306–311

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Lin CC, Yin MC, Hsu CC, Lin MP (2004) Effect of five cysteine containing compounds on three lipogenic enzymes in Balb/cAmice consuming a high saturated fat diet. Lipids 39:843–848

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Ringseis R, Eder K (2004) Dietary oxidized cholesterol increases expression and activity of antioxidative enzymes and reduces the concentration of glutathione in the liver of rats. Int J Vitam Nutr Res 74:86–92

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The present study was supported by the Spanish projects AGL2005-07204-C02-01/ALI, AGL-2008 04892-C03-02, and Consolider-Ingenio 2010 # CSD2007-00016. We acknowledge the predoctoral fellowship of Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain to Adriana Schultz, that of Fundación Gran Mariscal de Ayacucho (FUNDAYACUCHO) from Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela to Raul Olivero-David and the foreign Postgrado fellowship granted by the Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT) of México to Laura González-Torres.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología I (Nutrición), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain

    Adriana Schultz Moreira, Laura González-Torres, Raul Olivero-David, Sara Bastida & Francisco J. Sánchez-Muniz

  2. Departamento de Nutrición, Bromatología y Toxicología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain

    Raul Olivero-David

  3. Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain

    Juana Benedi

Authors
  1. Adriana Schultz Moreira
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Laura González-Torres
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Raul Olivero-David
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Sara Bastida
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Juana Benedi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Francisco J. Sánchez-Muniz
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Francisco J. Sánchez-Muniz.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Moreira, A.S., González-Torres, L., Olivero-David, R. et al. Wakame and Nori in Restructured Meats Included in Cholesterol-enriched Diets Affect the Antioxidant Enzyme Gene Expressions and Activities in Wistar Rats. Plant Foods Hum Nutr 65, 290–298 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11130-010-0179-z

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11130-010-0179-z

Keywords

Search

Navigation