Abstract
Frequency selectivity of routing signals in quantum channels is of great significance for a quantum optical network. We have proposed a novel tunable bandpass router constructed by two waveguides linked mediately via a driven three-level emitter. The routing properties in the output port are investigated theoretically by using the real-space Hamiltonian. Numerical results show that the continuous central frequencies on demand of routing photons can be manipulated almost linearly by tuning the driving field, and high routing efficiencies of resonance transmission can be achieved via reflection feedback. The proposed routing system could be exploited potentially in designing other quantum optical devices and quantum information processing.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data availibility
All data and material considered in this paper are included in this published article.
Code Availability
The authors have used MATLAB 2016a as software applications.
References
Goban, A., Hung, C.L., Yu, S.P., Hood, J.D., Muniz, J.A., Lee, J.H., Martin, M.J., McClung, A.C., Choi, K.S., Chang, D.E., Painter, O., Kimble, H.J.: Atom-light interactions in photonic crystals. Nat. Commun. 5, 3808 (2014)
Zhou, L., Gong, Z.R., Liu, Y.X., Sun, C.P., Nori, F.: Controllable scattering of a single photon inside a one-dimensional resonator waveguide. Phys. Rev. Lett. 101(10), 100501 (2008)
Shen, J.T., Fan, S.: Coherent photon transport from spontaneous emission in one-dimensional waveguides. Opt. Lett. 30(15), 2001–2003 (2005)
Shen, J.T., Fan, S.: Coherent single photon transport in a one-dimensional waveguide coupled with superconducting quantum bits. Phys. Rev. Lett. 95(21), 213001 (2005)
Chang, D.E., Sørensen, A.S., Demler, E.A., Lukin, M.D.: A single-photon transistor using nano-scale surface plasmons. Nat. Phys. 3, 807–812 (2007)
Shen, J.T., Fan, S.: Theory of single-photon transport in a single-mode waveguide. I. Coupling to a cavity containing a two-level atom. Phys. Rev. A 79(2), 023837 (2009)
Shen, J.T., Fan, S.: Theory of single-photon transport in a single-mode waveguide. II. Coupling to a whispering-gallery resonator containing a two-level atom. Phys. Rev. A 79(2), 023838 (2009)
Tsoi, T.S., Law, C.K.: Single-photon scattering on \(\Lambda \)-type three-level atoms in a one-dimensional waveguide. Phys. Rev. A 80(3), 033823 (2009)
Witthaut, D., Sørensen, A.S.: Photon scattering by a three-level emitter in a one-dimensional waveguide. New J. Phys. 12, 043052 (2010)
Chen, W., Chen, G.Y., Chen, Y.N.: Coherent transport of nanowire surface plasmons coupled to quantum dots. Opt. Express 18(10), 10360 (2010)
Huang, J.F., Shi, T., Sun, C.P., Nori, F.: Controlling single-photon transport in waveguides with finite cross section. Phys. Rev. A 88(1), 013836 (2013)
Gu, X., Kockum, A.F., Miranowicz, A., Liu, Y., Nori, F.: Microwave photonics with superconducting quantum circuits. Phys. Rep. 718–719, 1 (2017)
Jiang, Q., Hu, Q., Zou, B., Zhang, Y.: Single microwave photon switch controlled by an external electrostatic field. Phys. Rev. A 98(2), 023830 (2018)
Yan, W.B., Ni, W.Y., Zhang, J., Zhang, F.Y., Fan, H.: Tunable single-photon diode by chiral quantum physics. Phys. Rev. A 98(4), 043852 (2018)
Dong, J.H., Jiang, Q., Hu, Q.M., Zou, B.S., Zhang, Y.Y.: Transport and entanglement for single photons in optical waveguide ladders. Phys. Rev. A 100(1), 013840 (2019)
Masson, S.J., Asenjo-Garcia, A.: Atomic-waveguide quantum electrodynamics. Phys. Rev. Res. 2(4), 043213 (2020)
Wang, X., Shui, T., Li, L., Li, X., Wu, Z., Yang, W.X.: Tunable single-photon diode and circulator via chiral waveguide-emitter couplings. Las. Phys. Lett. 17, 065201 (2020)
Kannan, B., Ruckriegel, M.J., Campbell, D.L., Kockum, A.F., et al.: Waveguide quantum electrodynamics with superconducting artificial giant atoms. Nature 583, 775–779 (2020)
Kimble, H.J.: The quantum internet. Nature (London) 453, 1023–1030 (2008)
Shomroni, I., Rosenblum, S., Lovsky, Y., Brechler, O., Guendelman, G., Dayan, B.: All-optical routing of single photons by a one-atom switch controlled by a single photon. Science 345(6199), 903–906 (2014)
Li, X.M., Wei, L.F.: Designable single-photon quantum routings with atomic mirrors. Phys. Rev. A 92(6), 063836 (2015)
Huang, J.S., Zhong, J.T., Li, Y.L., Xu, Z.H., Xiao, Q.S.: Efficient single-photon routing in a double-waveguide system with a mirror. Quantum Inf. Process. 19, 290 (2020)
Wu, J.N., Dong, J., Xu, Y., Zou, B., Zhang, Y.: Multichannel adjustable single-photon router based on large detuning. Phys. Rev. Appl. 18(5), 054007 (2022)
Zhao, Y.J., Tan, N., Yu, D., Liu, B., Liu, W.M.: Tunable quantum switcher and router of single atoms using localized artificial magnetic fields. Phys. Rev. Res. 2, 033484 (2020)
Zhou, L., Yang, L.P., Li, Y., Sun, C.P.: Quantum routing of single photons with a cyclic three-level system. Phys. Rev. Lett. 111(10), 103604 (2013)
Lu, J., Wang, Z.H., Zhou, L.: T-shaped single-photon router. Opt. Express 23(18), 22955 (2015)
Liu, L., Lu, J.: T-bulge-shaped quantum router. Quantum Inf. Process. 16, 29 (2017)
Zhang, J.H., He, D.Y., Luo, G.Y., Wang, B.D., Huang, J.S.: Bidirectional highly-efficient quantum routing in a T-bulge-shaped waveguide. Chin. Phys. B 30(3), 034204 (2021)
Huang, J.S., Wang, J.W., Wang, Y., Li, Y.L., Huang, Y.W.: Control of single-photon routing in a T-shaped waveguide by another atom. Quantum Inf. Process. 17, 78 (2018)
Huang, J.S., Wang, J.W., Li, Y.L., Wang, Y., Huang, Y.W.: Tunable quantum routing via asymmetric intercavity couplings. Quantum Inf. Process. 18, 59 (2019)
Aoki, T., Parkins, A.S., Alton, D.J., Regal, C.A., Dayan, B., Ostby, E., Vahala, K.J., Kimble, H.J.: Efficient routing of single photons with one atom and a microtoroidal cavity. Phys. Rev. Lett. 102(8), 083601 (2009)
Hoi, I.C., Wilson, C.M., Johansson, G., Palomaki, T., Peropadre, B., Delsing, P.: Demonstration of a single-photon router in the microwave regime. Phys. Rev. Lett. 107(7), 073601 (2011)
Agarwal, G.S., Huang, S.: Optomechanical systems as single-photon routers. Phys. Rev. A 85(2), 021801 (2012)
Li, X., Zhang, W.Z., Xiong, B., Zhou, L.: Single-photon multi-ports router based on the coupled cavity optomechanical system. Sci. Rep. 6, 39343 (2016)
Hu, C.Y.: Photonic transistor and router using a single quantum-dot-confined spin in a single-sided optical microcavity. Sci. Rep. 7, 45582 (2017)
Kim, N.C., Ko, M.C., Ryom, J.S., Choe, H., Choe, I.H., Ri, S.R., Kim, S.G.: Single plasmon router with two quantum dots side coupled to two plasmonic waveguides with a junction. Quantum Inf. Process. 20, 5 (2021)
Ko, M.C., Kim, N.C., Choe, H., Ri, S.R., Ryom, J.S., Ri, C.W., Kim, U.H.: Feasible surface plasmon routing based on the self-assembled InGaAs/GaAs semiconductor quantum dot located between two silver metallic waveguides. Plasmonics 15, 271–277 (2020)
Kim, N.C., Kim, C.M., Kim, M.C., Ryom, J.S., Ri, G.Y., Ryom, G.M., Kim, Y.J.: Multiport quantum routing with four quantum dots placed at the junctions of ladder-type plasmonic waveguide. Quantum Inf. Process. 22, 21 (2023)
Gonzalez-Ballestero, C., Moreno, E., Garcia-Vidal, F.J., Gonzalez-Tudela, A.: Nonreciprocal few-photon routing schemes based on chiral waveguide-emitter couplings. Phys. Rev. A 94(6), 063817 (2016)
Cheng, M.T., Ma, X.S., Zhang, J.Y., Wang, B.: Single photon transport in two waveguides chirally coupled by a quantum emitter. Opt. Express 24(17), 19988–19993 (2016)
Yan, C.H., Li, Y., Yuan, H., Wei, L.F.: Targeted photonic routers with chiral photon-atom interactions. Phys. Rev. A 97(2), 023821 (2018)
Yan, G.A., Cai, Q.Y., Chen, A.X.: Information-holding quantum router of single photons using natural atom. Eur. Phys. J. D 70, 93 (2016)
Yan, G.A., Qiao, H.X., Lu, H., Chen, A.X.: Quantum information-holding single-photon router based on spontaneous emission. Sci. China Phys. Mech. Astron. 60(9), 090311 (2017)
Yuan, X.X., Ma, J.J., Hou, P.Y., Chang, X.Y., Zu, C., Duan, L.M.: Experimental demonstration of a quantum router. Sci. Rep. 5, 12452 (2015)
Bartkiewicz, K., Černoch, A., Lemr, K.: Using quantum routers to implement quantum message authen-tication and Bell-state manipulation. Phys. Rev. A 90(2), 022335 (2014)
Khani, S., Danaie, M., Rezaei, P.: Realization of single-mode plasmonic bandpass filters using improved nanodisk resonators. Opt. Commun. 420, 147–156 (2018)
Khani, S., Danaie, M., Rezaei, P.: Design of a single-mode plasmonic bandpass filter using a hexagonal resonator coupled to graded-stub waveguides. Plasmonics 14(1), 53–62 (2019)
Ren, L., Yuan, S., Zhu, S., Shi, L., Zhang, X.: Tunable kilohertz microwave photonic bandpass filter based on backscattering in a microresonator. Opt. Lett. 47(17), 4572–4575 (2022)
Zhang, B., Chen, N., Lu, X., Hu, Y., Yang, Z., Zhang, X., Xu, J.: Bandwidth tunable optical bandpass filter based on parity-time symmetry. Micromachines 13(1), 89 (2022)
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11864014) and by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province (Grant Nos. 20212BAB201014, 20212ACB211004, and 20224BAB201023).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
JSH is the project manager. He designed the model and contributed to preparation of the manuscript. XMF and KYW performed theoretical and numerical calculations. ZHX and YLL checked the correctness of the calculations and analyzed the results obtained.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Ethics approval
The submitted work is original and has not been published elsewhere in any form or language (partially or in full).
Consent to participate
All authors consent to participate.
Consent for publication
All authors consent to participate.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Huang, JS., Feng, XM., Xu, ZH. et al. Tunable bandpass routers of single photons with three-level emitters. Quantum Inf Process 22, 285 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11128-023-04039-5
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11128-023-04039-5