Abstract
We obtained analytical expressions considering a directed continuous-time quantum walk on a directed infinite line using Bessel functions, expanding previous results in the literature, for a general initial condition. We derive the equation for the probability distribution and show how to recover normal and enhanced decay rates for the survival probability by adjusting the phase factor of the direction of the graph. Our result shows that the mean and standard deviation for a specific non-local initial condition do not depend on the direction.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data availability
Data sharing not applicable to this article as no datasets were generated or analyzed during the current study.
Notes
https://github.com/JaimePSantos/QWAK.
References
Farhi, E., Gutmann, S.: Quantum computation and decision trees. Phys. Rev. A 58(2), 915–928 (1998)
Childs, A.M., Farhi, E., Gutmann, S.: An example of the difference between quantum and classical random walks. Quantum Inf. Process. 1(1/2), 35–43 (2002)
Childs, A.M., Goldstone, J.: Spatial search by quantum walk. Phys. Rev. A 70, 2 (2004)
Childs, A.M.: Universal computation by quantum walk. Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 18 (2009)
Kendon, V.M., Tamon, C.: Perfect state transfer in quantum walks on graphs. J. Comput. Theor. Nanosci. 8(3), 422–433 (2011)
Godsil, C.: When can perfect state transfer occur? Electron. J. Linear Algebra (2012)
Razzoli, L., Paris, M.G.A., Bordone, P.: Transport efficiency of continuous-time quantum walks on graphs. Entropy 23(1), 85 (2021)
Lahini, Y., Verbin, M., Huber, S.D., Bromberg, Y., Pugatch, R., Silberberg, Y.: Quantum walk of two interacting bosons. (2011)
Mohar, B.: Hermitian adjacency spectrum and switching equivalence of mixed graphs. Linear Algebra Appl. 489, 324–340 (2016)
Guo, K., Mohar, B.: Hermitian adjacency matrix of digraphs and mixed graphs. J. Graph Theory 85(1), 217–248 (2016)
Godsil, C., Lato, S.: Perfect state transfer on oriented graphs. Linear Algebra Appl. 604, 278–292 (2020)
Sett, A., Pan, H., Falloon, P.E., Wang, J.B.: Zero transfer in continuous-time quantum walks. Quantum Inf. Process. 18, 5 (2019)
Chaves, R., Chagas, B.O., Coutinho, G.: Why and how to add direction to a quantum walk (2022)
Anderson, P.W.: Absence of diffusion in certain random lattices. Phys. Rev. 109(5), 1492–1505 (1958)
Candeloro, A., Razzoli, L., Cavazzoni, S., Bordone, P., Parisl, M.G.A.: Continuous-time quantum walks in the presence of a quadratic perturbation. Phys. Rev. A 102, 4 (2020)
Delvecchio, M., Groiseau, C., Petiziol, F., Summy, G.S., Wimberger, S.: Quantum search with a continuous-time quantum walk in momentum space. J. Phys. B: Atom. Mol. Opt. Phys. 53(6), 065301 (2020)
Buarque, A.R.C., Dias, W.S.: Aperiodic space-inhomogeneous quantum walks: localization properties, energy spectra, and enhancement of entanglement. Phys. Rev. E 100, 032106 (2019)
Abal, G., Donangelo, R., Romanelli, A., Siri, R.: Effects of non-local initial conditions in the quantum walk on the line. Physica A 371(1), 1–4 (2006)
Danacı, B., Yalçınkaya, İ, Çakmak, B., Karpat, G., Kelly, S.P., Subaşı, A.L.: Disorder-free localization in quantum walks. Phys. Rev. A 103, 2 (2021)
Ryan, C.A., Laforest, M., Boileau, J.C., Laflamme, R.: Experimental implementation of a discrete-time quantum random walk on an NMR quantum-information processor. Phys. Rev. A 72(6), 062317 (2005)
Jiangfeng, D., Li, H., Xiaodong, X., Shi, M., Jihui, W., Zhou, X., Han, R.: Experimental implementation of the quantum random-walk algorithm. Phys. Rev. A 67(4), 042316 (2003)
Schmitz, H., Matjeschk, R., Schneider, Ch., Glueckert, J., Enderlein, M., Huber, T., Schaetz, T.: Quantum walk of a trapped ion in phase space. Phys. Rev. Lett. 103(9), 090504 (2009)
Karski, M., Förster, L., Choi, J.-M., Steffen, A., Alt, W., Meschede, D., Widera, A.: Quantum walk in position space with single optically trapped atoms. Science 325(5937), 174–177 (2009)
Manouchehri, K., Wang, J.B.: Quantum walks in an array of quantum dots (2006)
Gräfe, M., Heilmann, R., Lebugle, M., Guzman-Silva, D., Perez-Leija, A., Szameit, A.: Integrated photonic quantum walks. J. Opt. 18(10), 103002 (2016)
Flamini, F., Spagnolo, N., Sciarrino, F.: Photonic quantum information processing: a review. Rep. Prog. Phys. 82(1), 016001 (2018)
Neves, L., Puentes, G.: Photonic discrete-time quantum walks and applications. Entropy 20(10), 731 (2018)
Schwartz, T., Bartal, G., Fishman, S., Segev, M.: Transport and Anderson localization in disordered two-dimensional photonic lattices. Nature 446(7131), 52–55 (2007)
Perets, H.B., Lahini, Y., Pozzi, F., Sorel, M., Morandotti, R., Silberberg, Y.: Realization of quantum walks with negligible decoherence in waveguide lattices. Phys. Rev. Lett. 100(17), 170506 (2008)
Owens, J.O., Broome, M.A., Biggerstaff, D.N., Goggin, M.E., Fedrizzi, A., Linjordet, T., Ams, M., Marshall, G.D., Twamley, J., Withford, M.J., White, A.G.: Two-photon quantum walks in an elliptical direct-write waveguide array. New J. Phys. 13(7), 075003 (2011)
Peruzzo, A., Lobino, M., Matthews, J.C.F., Matsuda, N., Politi, A., Poulios, K., Zhou, X.-Q., Lahini, Y., Ismail, N., Wörhoff, K., Bromberg, Y., Silberberg, Y., Thompson, M.G., OBrien, J.L.: Quantum walks of correlated photons. Science 329(5998), 1500–1503 (2010)
Biggerstaff, D.N., Heilmann, R., Zecevik, A.A., Gräfe, M., Broome, M.A., Fedrizzi, A., Nolte, S., Szameit, A., White, A.G., Kassal, I.: Enhancing coherent transport in a photonic network using controllable decoherence. Nat. Commun. 7, 1 (2016)
Caruso, F., Crespi, A., Ciriolo, A.G., Sciarrino, F., Osellame, R.: Fast escape of a quantum walker from an integrated photonic maze. Nat. Commun. 7, 1 (2016)
Wang, K., Shi, Y., Xiao, L., Wang, J., Joglekar, Y.N., Xue, P.: Experimental realization of continuous-time quantum walks on directed graphs and their application in PageRank. Optica 7(11), 1524 (2020)
Osborne, T.J.: Statics and dynamics of quantum xy and Heisenberg systems on graphs. Phys. Rev. B 74, 094411 (2006)
Christandl, M., Datta, N., Dorlas, T.C., Ekert, A., Kay, A., Landahl, A.J.: Perfect transfer of arbitrary states in quantum spin networks. Phys. Rev. A 71, 032312 (2005)
Lebedev, N.N.: Special functions and their applications. Dover Publications, New York (1972)
Souza, A.M.C., Andrade, R.F.S.: Fast and slow dynamics for classical and quantum walks on mean-field small world networks. Sci. Rep. 9, 19143 (2019)
Gottlieb, A.D.: Convergence of continuous-time quantum walks on the line. Phys. Rev. E 72, 047102 (2005)
Wang, Y.: Simulating stochastic diffusions by quantum walks. In: Proceedings of the ASME 2013 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference, Volume 3B: 39th Design Automation Conference:V03BT03A053 (2013)
Bessen, A.J.: Distributions of continuous-time quantum walks. arXiv:quant-ph/0609128 (2006)
Trench, W.F.: On the eigenvalue problem for toeplitz band matrices. Linear Algebra Appl. 64, 199–214 (1985)
Gönülol, M., Aydıner, E., Shikano, Y., Müstecaplıoglu, Ö.: Survival probability in a one-dimensional quantum walk on a trapped lattice. New J. Phys. 13(3), 033037 (2011)
Su, Q., Zhang, Y., Yu, L., Zhou, J., Jin, J., Xu, X., Xiong, S., Xu, Q., Sun, Z., Chen, K., Nori, F., Yang, C.: Experimental demonstration of quantum walks with initial superposition states. NPJ Quantum Inf. 5, 40 (2019)
Funding
This study was financed by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - Brasil (CAPES) - Finance Code 001. This work is financed by National Funds through the FCT - Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, I.P. (Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology) within projects UIDB/50014/2020 and IBEX (PTDC/CCI-COM/4280/2021).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors have no competing interests to declare that are relevant to the content of this article. All authors certify that they have no affiliations with or involvement in any organization or entity with any financial interest or non-financial interest in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript. The authors have no financial or proprietary interests in any material discussed in this article.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Chaves, R., Santos, J. & Chagas, B. Transport properties in directed quantum walks on the line. Quantum Inf Process 22, 144 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11128-023-03874-w
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11128-023-03874-w