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Demonstration of quantum Darwinism on quantum computer

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Abstract

It is well known that environmental decoherence is a crucial barrier in realizing various quantum information processing tasks; on the other hand, it plays a pivotal role in explaining how a quantum system’s fragile state leads to a robust classical state. Zurek (Nat Phys 5(3):181–188, 2009) was the first to develop the theory which successfully describes the emergence of classical objectivity of quantum systems using decoherence, introduced by the environment. Here, we consider an n-qubit generalized quantum circuit for the quantum system–environment interaction model, where the first qubit represents the quantum system, and the rest are for the environmental fragments. This quantum circuit is implemented on ibmq_athens and ibmq_16_melbourne for \(n = 2, 3, 4, 5, 6\). Its accuracy is checked using quantum state tomography and enhanced using the quantum error mitigation procedure. The reconstructed density matrices are used to investigate quantum-classical correlation and the mutual information between the quantum system and the environment. The investigation proves the quantum Darwinism principle when the quantum circuits are executed on the noise-less simulator; however, it shows the unaccountable behavior when implemented on the real quantum devices. The results via the noise-less simulator successfully prove that the environmental fragment size and the interaction strength play a crucial role in the emergence of classicality.

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Data Availability Statement

The code base created to run these simulations and the related supplementary data could be made available to any reader upon reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

R.S. would like to thank IIT (ISM) Dhanbad and Bikash’s Quantum (OPC) Pvt. Ltd. for providing hospitality during the course of the project work. R.S. acknowledges Prof. Sridhar Sahu for providing full support during this work. The authors acknowledge the support of IBM Quantum Experience. The views expressed are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of IBM or the IBM Experience team.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM) Dhanbad, Dhanbad, Jharkhand, 826004, India

    Rakesh Saini

  2. Bikash’s Quantum (OPC) Pvt. Ltd., Balindi, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, 741246, India

    Bikash K. Behera

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  1. Rakesh Saini
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  2. Bikash K. Behera
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Contributions

RS and BKB conceived this research and designed the circuit; RS carried out the experiments and interpret the data; RS wrote the code for experiment and drew all figures and tables. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Saini, R., Behera, B.K. Demonstration of quantum Darwinism on quantum computer. Quantum Inf Process 21, 129 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11128-022-03471-3

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