Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Information leakage resistant quantum dialogue with single photons in both polarization and spatial-mode degrees of freedom

  • Published:
Quantum Information Processing Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In this paper, a novel quantum dialogue (QD) protocol is proposed based on single photons in both polarization and spatial-mode degrees of freedom. In the proposed QD protocol, the initial states of single photons in both polarization and spatial-mode degrees of freedom used for encoding are privately shared between two communicants through the direct transmissions of their auxiliary counterparts from one communicant to another. As a result, the information leakage problem is avoided. Moreover, the detailed security analysis also shows that the proposed QD protocol can resist Eve’s several famous active attacks, such as the Trojan horse attack, the intercept-resend attack, the measure-resend attack and the entangle-measure attack. The proposed QD protocol only needs single photons in both polarization and spatial-mode degrees of freedom as quantum resource and adopts single-photon measurements. As a result, it is feasible in practice as the preparation and the measurement of a single photon in both polarization and spatial-mode degrees of freedom can be accomplished with current experimental techniques.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Bennett C H, Brassard G. Quantum cryptography: public-key distribution and coin tossing. In: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Computers, Systems and Signal Processing. Bangalore: IEEE Press, 1984, 175–179

  2. Bennett, C.H., Brassard, G., Mermin, N.D.: Quantum cryptography without Bell theorem. Phys. Rev. Lett. 68, 557–559 (1992)

    Article  ADS  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  3. Cabello, A.: Quantum key distribution in the Holevo limit. Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 5635 (2000)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  4. Beige, A., Englert, B.G., Kurtsiefer, C., et al.: Secure communication with a publicly known key. Acta. Phys. Pol. A. 101, 357–368 (2002)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  5. Long, G.L., Liu, X.S.: Theoretically efficient high-capacity quantum-key-distribution scheme. Phys. Rev. A 65, 032302 (2002)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  6. Bostrom, K., Felbinger, T.: Deterministic secure direct communication using entanglement. Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 187902 (2002)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  7. Deng, F.G., Long, G.L., Liu, X.S.: Two-step quantum direct communication protocol using the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen pair block. Phys. Rev. A 68, 042317 (2003)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  8. Deng, F.G., Long, G.L.: Secure direct communication with a quantum one-time pad. Phys. Rev. A 69, 052319 (2004)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  9. Wang, C., Deng, F.G., Li, Y.S., Liu, X.S., Long, G.L.: Quantum secure direct communication with high-dimension quantum superdense coding. Phys. Rev. A 71, 044305 (2005)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  10. Li, X.H., Li, C.Y., Deng, F.G., Zhou, P., Liang, Y.J., Zhou, H.Y.: Quantum secure direct communication with quantum encryption based on pure entangled states. Chin. Phys. 16(8), 2149–2153 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Wang, T.J., Li, T., Du, F.F., Deng, F.G.: High-capacity quantum secure direct communication based on quantum hyperdense coding with hyperentanglement. Chin. Phys. Lett. 28(4), 040305 (2011)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  12. Gu, B., Huang, Y.G., Fang, X., Zhang, C.Y.: A two-step quantum secure direct communication protocol with hyperentanglement. Chin. Phys. B 20(10), 100309 (2011)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  13. Sun, Z.W., Du, R.G., Long, D.Y.: Quantum secure direct communication with two-photon four-qubit cluster states. Int. J. Theor. Phys. 51, 1946–1952 (2012)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  14. Liu, D., Chen, J.L., Jiang, W.: High-capacity quantum secure direct communication with single photons in both polarization and spatial- mode degrees of freedom. Int. J. Theor. Phys. 51, 2923–2929 (2012)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  15. Zhang Z J, Man Z X. Secure direct bidirectional communication protocol using the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen pair block. 2004,http://arxiv.org/pdf/quant-ph/0403215.pdf

  16. Zhang Z J,Man Z X. Secure bidirectional quantum communication protocol without quantum channel. 2004, http://arxiv.org/pdf/quant-ph/0403217.pdf

  17. Nguyen, B.A.: Quantum dialogue. Phys. Lett. A 328(1), 6–10 (2004)

    Article  ADS  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  18. Jin, X.R., Ji, X., Zhang, Y.Q., Zhang, S., et al.: Three-party quantum secure direct communication based on GHZ states. Phys. Lett. A 354(1–2), 67–70 (2006)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  19. Man, Z.X., Xia, Y.J.: Controlled bidirectional quantum direct communication by using a GHZ state. Chin. Phys. Lett. 23(7), 1680–1682 (2006)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  20. Ji, X., Zhang, S.: Secure quantum dialogue based on single-photon. Chin. Phys. 15(7), 1418–1420 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Man, Z.X., Xia, Y.J., Nguyen, B.A.: Quantum secure direct communication by using GHZ states and entanglement swapping. J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 39(18), 3855–3863 (2006)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  22. Yang, Y.G., Wen, Q.Y.: Quasi-secure quantum dialogue using single photons. Sci. China Ser. G- Phys. Mech. Astron. 50(5), 558–562 (2007)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  23. Shan, C.J., Liu, J.B., Cheng, W.W., Liu, T.K., Huang, Y.X., Li, H.: Bidirectional quantum secure direct communication in driven cavity QED. Mod. Phys. Lett. B 23(27), 3225–3234 (2009)

    Article  ADS  MATH  Google Scholar 

  24. Ye, T.Y., Jiang, L.Z.: Improvement of controlled bidirectional quantum secure direct communication by using a GHZ state. Chin. Phys. Lett. 30(4), 040305 (2013)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  25. Tan, Y.G., Cai, Q.Y.: Classical correlation in quantum dialogue. Int. J. Quant. Inform. 6(2), 325–329 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Gao, F., Qin, S.J., Wen, Q.Y., Zhu, F.C.: Comment on: “Three-party quantum secure direct communication based on GHZ states.” Phys. Lett. A 372(18), 3333–3336 (2008)

    Article  ADS  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  27. Gao, F., Guo, F.Z., Wen, Q.Y., Zhu, F.C.: Revisiting the security of quantum dialogue and bidirectional quantum secure direct communication. Sci. China Ser. G- Phys. Mech. Astron. 51(5), 559–566 (2008)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  28. Shi, G.F., Xi, X.Q., Tian, X.L., Yue, R.H.: Bidirectional quantum secure communication based on a shared private Bell state. Opt. Commun. 282(12), 2460–2463 (2009)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  29. Shi, G.F., Xi, X.Q., Hu, M.L., Yue, R.H.: Quantum secure dialogue by using single photons. Opt. Commun. 283(9), 1984–1986 (2010)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  30. Shi, G.F.: Bidirectional quantum secure communication scheme based on Bell states and auxiliary particles. Opt. Commun. 283(24), 5275–5278 (2010)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  31. Gao, G.: Two quantum dialogue protocols without information leakage. Opt. Commun. 283(10), 2288–2293 (2010)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  32. Ye, T.Y.: Large payload bidirectional quantum secure direct communication without information leakage. Int. J. Quant. Inform. 11(5), 1350051 (2013)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  33. Ye, T.Y.: Quantum secure dialogue with quantum encryption. Commun. Theor. Phys. 62(3), 338–342 (2014)

    Article  ADS  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  34. Huang, L.Y., Ye, T.Y.: A kind of quantum dialogue protocols without information leakage assisted by auxiliary quantum operation. Int. J. Theor. Phys. 54(8), 2494–2504 (2015)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  35. Wang, L.L., Ma, W.P., Shen, D.S., Wang, M.L.: Efficient bidirectional quantum secure direct communication with single photons in both polarization and spatial-mode degrees of freedom. Int. J. Theor. Phys. 54, 3443–3453 (2015)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  36. Zhang, C., Situ, H.Z.: Information leakage in efficient bidirectional quantum secure direct communication with single photons in both polarization and spatial-mode degrees of freedom. Int. J. Theor. Phys. 55, 4702–4708 (2016)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  37. Wang, L.L., Ma, W.P., Wang, M.L., Shen, D.S.: Three-party quantum secure direct communication with single photons in both polarization and spatial-mode degrees of freedom. Int. J. Theor. Phys. 55, 2490–2499 (2016)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  38. Li, C.Y., Zhou, H.Y., Wang, Y., Deng, F.G.: Secure quantum key distribution network with Bell states and local unitary operations. Chin. Phys. Lett. 22(5), 1049–1052 (2005)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  39. Li, C.Y., Li, X.H., Deng, F.G., Zhou, P., Liang, Y.J., Zhou, H.Y.: Efficient quantum cryptography network without entanglement and quantum memory. Chin. Phys. Lett. 23(11), 2896–2899 (2006)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  40. Shannon, C.E.: Communication theory of secrecy system. Bell. Syst. Tech. J. 28, 656–715 (1949)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  41. Shor, P.W., Preskill, J.: Simple proof of security of the BB84 quantum key distribution protocol. Phys. Rev. Lett. 85(2), 441 (2000)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  42. Cai, Q.Y.: Eavesdropping on the two-way quantum communication protocols with invisible photons. Phys. Lett. A 351(1–2), 23–25 (2006)

    Article  ADS  MATH  Google Scholar 

  43. Gisin, N., Ribordy, G., Tittel, W., Zbinden, H.: Quantum cryptography. Rev. Mod. Phys. 74(1), 145–195 (2002)

    Article  ADS  MATH  Google Scholar 

  44. Deng, F.G., Zhou, P., Li, X.H., Li, C.Y., Zhou, H.Y.: Robustness of two-way quantum communication protocols against Trojan horse attack. 2005, http://arxiv.org/pdf/quant-ph/0508168.pdf

  45. Li, X.H., Deng, F.G., Zhou, H.Y.: Improving the security of secure direct communication based on the secret transmitting order of particles. Phys. Rev. A 74, 054302 (2006)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments that help enhancing the quality of this paper. Funding by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 62071430) and Zhejiang Gongshang University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of New Network Standards and Technologies (No. 2013E10012), is gratefully acknowledged.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Information & Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China

    Tian-Yu Ye, Hong-Kun Li & Jia-Li Hu

Authors
  1. Tian-Yu Ye
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Hong-Kun Li
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Jia-Li Hu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Tian-Yu Ye.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Ye, TY., Li, HK. & Hu, JL. Information leakage resistant quantum dialogue with single photons in both polarization and spatial-mode degrees of freedom. Quantum Inf Process 20, 209 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11128-021-03120-1

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11128-021-03120-1

Keywords

Search

Navigation