Abstract
In this article, by considering Bell-diagonal two-qubit initial states under local dynamics generated by the Phase Damping, Bit Flip, Phase Flip, Bit Phase Flip, and Depolarizing channels, we report some elegant direct-dynamical relations between geometric measures of Entanglement and Discord. The complex scenario appearing already in this simplified case study indicates that a similarly simple relation shall hardly be found in more general situations.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Einstein, A., Podolsky, B., Rosen, N.: Can quantum-mechanical description of physical reality be considered complete? Phys. Rev. 47, 777–780 (1935)
Bohr, N.: Can quantum-mechanical description of physical reality be considered complete? Phys. Rev. 48, 696–702 (1935)
Schrödinger, E.: Discussion of probability relations between separated systems. Proc. Camb. Philos. Soc. 31, 555 (1935)
Nielsen, M., Chuang, I.: Quantum Computation and Quantum Information (Cambridge Series on Information and the Natural Sciences). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2000)
Preskill, J.: Quantum Information, lecture notes. www.theory.caltech.edu/~preskill/ph219/index.html (2015)
Wilde, M.M.: Quantum Information Theory. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2013)
Zurek, W.H.: Quantum darwinism. Nat. Phys. 5(3), 181–188 (2009). doi:10.1038/nphys1202
Ladd, T.D., Jelezko, F., Laflamme, R., Nakamura, Y., Monroe, C., O’Brien, J.L.: Quantum computers. Nature 464(7285), 45–53 (2010)
Georgescu, I.M., Ashhab, S., Nori, F.: Quantum simulation. Rev. Mod. Phys. 86, 153–185 (2014)
Ekert, A., Renner, R.: The ultimate physical limits of privacy. Nature 507(7493), 443–447 (2014)
Giovannetti, V., Lloyd, S., Maccone, L.: Advances in quantum metrology. Nat. Photon. 5(4), 222–229 (2011)
Jarzynski, C.: Diverse phenomena, common themes. Nat. Phys. 11, 105–107 (2015)
McFadden, J., Al-Khalili, J.: Life on the Edge: The Coming of Age of Quantum Biology. Crown Publishers, New York (2014)
Schuld, M., Sinayskiy, I., Petruccione, F.: An introduction to quantum machine learning. Contemp. Phys. 56(2), 172–185 (2015)
Schuld, M., Sinayskiy, I., Petruccione, F.: The quest for a quantum neural network. Quantum Inf. Process. 13(11), 2567–2586 (2014)
Wiebe, N., Kapoor, A., Svore, K.M.: Quantum deep learning. ArXiv e-prints (2014)
Venegas-Andraca, S.E.: Introductory words: special issue on quantum image processing published by quantum information processing. Quantum Inf. Process. 14(5), 1535–1537 (2015)
Marvian, I., Spekkens, R.W.: Extending noethers theorem by quantifying the asymmetry of quantum states. Nat. Commun. 5, 3821 (2014)
Pastawski, F., Yoshida, B., Harlow, D., Preskill, J.: Holographic quantum error-correcting codes: toy models for the bulk/boundary correspondence. J. High Energy Phys. 6, 149 (2015)
Spekkens, R.W.: Contextuality for preparations, transformations, and unsharp measurements. Phys. Rev. A 71, 052,108 (2005)
Grudka, A., Horodecki, K., Horodecki, M., Horodecki, P., Horodecki, R., Joshi, P., Kłobus, W., Wójcik, A.: Quantifying contextuality. Phys. Rev. Lett. 112, 120,401 (2014)
van Dam, W., Grunwald, P., Gill, R.: The statistical strength of nonlocality proofs. eprint arXiv:quant-ph/0307125 (2003)
Brunner, N., Cavalcanti, D., Pironio, S., Scarani, V., Wehner, S.: Bell nonlocality. Rev. Mod. Phys. 86, 419–478 (2014)
Wiseman, H.M., Jones, S.J., Doherty, A.C.: Steering, entanglement, nonlocality, and the Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen paradox. Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 140,402 (2007)
He, Q.Y., Gong, Q.H., Reid, M.D.: Classifying directional gaussian entanglement, Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen steering, and discord. Phys. Rev. Lett. 114, 060,402 (2015)
Bruß, D.: Characterizing entanglement. J. Math. Phys. 43, 4237–4251 (2002)
Plenio, M.B., Virmani, S.: An Introduction to Entanglement Measures. eprint arXiv:quant-ph/0504163 (2005)
Horodecki, R., Horodecki, P., Horodecki, M., Horodecki, K.: Quantum entanglement. Rev. Mod. Phys. 81, 865–942 (2009)
Aolita, L., de Melo, F., Davidovich, L.: Open-system dynamics of entanglement: a key issues review. Rep. Prog. Phys. 78(4), 042,001 (2015)
Sun, W.Y., Shi, J.D., Wang, D., Ye, L.: Exploring the global entanglement and quantum phase transition in the spin 1/2 xxz model with Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction. Quantum Inf. Process. 15, 245–253 (2016)
Sharma, K.K., Pandey, S.: Robustness of Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger and w states against Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction. Quantum Inf. Process. 15(12), 4995–5009 (2016)
Sun, W.Y., Wang, D., Yang, J., Ye, L.: Enhancement of multipartite entanglement in an open system under non-inertial frames. Quantum Inf. Process. 16(4), 90 (2017)
Ollivier, H., Zurek, W.H.: Quantum discord: a measure of the quantumness of correlations. Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 017,901 (2001)
Céleri, L.C., Maziero, J., Serra, R.M.: Theoretical and Experimental Aspects of Quantum Discord and Related Measures. ArXiv e-prints (2011)
Modi, K., Brodutch, A., Cable, H., Paterek, T., Vedral, V.: The classical-quantum boundary for correlations: discord and related measures. Rev. Mod. Phys. 84, 1655–1707 (2012)
Streltsov, A.: Quantum Correlations Beyond Entanglement and Their Role in Quantum Information Theory. Springer, New York (2015)
Baumgratz, T., Cramer, M., Plenio, M.B.: Quantifying coherence. Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 140,401 (2014)
Streltsov, A., Singh, U., Dhar, H.S., Bera, M.N., Adesso, G.: Measuring quantum coherence with entanglement. Phys. Rev. Lett. 115, 020,403 (2015)
Shimony, A.: Degree of entanglement. In: D.M. Greenberger, A. Zelinger (eds.) Fundamental Problems in Quantum Theory. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, vol. 755, p. 675 (1995)
Wei, T.C., Goldbart, P.M.: Geometric measure of entanglement and applications to bipartite and multipartite quantum states. Phys. Rev. A 68, 042,307 (2003)
Bellomo, B., Giorgi, G.L., Galve, F., Lo Franco, R., Compagno, G., Zambrini, R.: Unified view of correlations using the square-norm distance. Phys. Rev. A 85, 032,104 (2012)
Bellomo, B., Lo Franco, R., Compagno, G.: Dynamics of geometric and entropic quantifiers of correlations in open quantum systems. Phys. Rev. A 86, 012,312 (2012)
Dakić, B., Vedral, V., Brukner, I.C.V.: Necessary and sufficient condition for nonzero quantum discord. Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 190,502 (2010)
Adesso, G., Girolami, D.: Gaussian geometric discord. Int. J. Quantum Inf. 09((07n08)), 1773–1786 (2011)
Song-Ya, M., Ming-Xing, L.: Relative ordering of square-norm distance correlations in open quantum systems. Chin. Phys. B 23(10), 100,302 (2014)
Ruskai, M.B.: Beyond strong subadditivity? Improved bounds on the contraction of the generalized relative entropy. Rev. Math. Phys. 06(05a), 1147–1161 (1994)
Ozawa, M.: Entanglement measures and the Hilbert–Schmidt distance. Phys. Lett. A 268, 158–160 (2000)
Wang, X., Schirmer, S.G.: Contractivity of the Hilbert–Schmidt distance under open-system dynamics. Phys. Rev. A 79, 052,326 (2009)
Streltsov, A., Kampermann, H., Bruß, D.: Linking quantum discord to entanglement in a measurement. Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, 160,401 (2011)
Piani, M., Gharibian, S., Adesso, G., Calsamiglia, J., Horodecki, P., Winter, A.: All nonclassical correlations can be activated into distillable entanglement. Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, 220,403 (2011)
Cornelio, M., de Oliveira, M., Fanchini, F.: Entanglement irreversibility from quantum discord and quantum deficit. Phys. Rev. Lett. 107(2), 020502 (2011)
Fanchini, F., Cornelio, M., de Oliveira, M., Caldeira, A.: Conservation law for distributed entanglement of formation and quantum discord. Phys. Rev. A 84(1), 012313 (2011)
Cen, L.X., Li, X.Q., Shao, J., Yan, Y.: Quantifying quantum discord and entanglement of formation via unified purifications. Phys. Rev. A 83, 054,101 (2011)
Al-Qasimi, A., James, D.F.V.: A comparison of the attempts of quantum discord and quantum entanglement to capture quantum correlations. ArXiv e-prints (2010)
Girolami, D., Adesso, G.: Interplay between computable measures of entanglement and other quantum correlations. Phys. Rev. A 84, 052,110 (2011)
Piani, M., Adesso, G.: Quantumness of correlations revealed in local measurements exceeds entanglement. Phys. Rev. A 85, 040,301 (2012)
Debarba, T., Maciel, T.O., Vianna, R.O.: Witnessed entanglement and the geometric measure of quantum discord. Phys. Rev. A 86, 024,302 (2012)
Campbell, S.: Predominance of entanglement of formation over quantum discord under quantum channels. Quantum Inf. Process. 12, 2623 (2013)
Costa, A., Beims, M., Angelo, R.: Generalized discord, entanglement, Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen steering, and bell nonlocality in two-qubit systems under (non-)markovian channels: hierarchy of quantum resources and chronology of deaths and births. ArXiv e-prints (2013)
Salles, A., de Melo, F., Almeida, M.P., Hor-Meyll, M., Walborn, S.P., Souto Ribeiro, P.H., Davidovich, L.: Experimental investigation of the dynamics of entanglement: sudden death, complementarity, and continuous monitoring of the environment. Phys. Rev. A 78, 022,322 (2008)
Paula, F.M., Silva, I.A., Montealegre, J.D., Souza, A.M., deAzevedo, E.R., Sarthour, R.S., Saguia, A., Oliveira, I.S., Soares-Pinto, D.O., Adesso, G., Sarandy, M.S.: Observation of environment-induced double sudden transitions in geometric quantum correlations. Phys. Rev. Lett. 111, 250,401 (2013)
Maziero, J., Auccaise, R., Celeri, L.C., Soares-Pinto, D.O., deAzevedo, E.R., Bonagamba, T.J., Sarthour, R.S., Oliveira, I.S., Serra, R.M.: Quantum discord in nuclear magnetic resonance systems at room temperature. Braz. J. Phys. 43, 86 (2013)
Mohamed, N., Sadiq, M., Elias, A., Mohamed, B.: Experimental measurement-device-independent entanglement detection. Sci. Rep. 5, 8048 (2014)
Horodecki, R., Horodecki, P., Horodecki, M.: Violating bell inequality by mixed spin-12 states: necessary and sufficient condition. Phys. Lett. A 200(5), 340–344 (1995)
Horodecki, R., Horodecki, M.: Information-theoretic aspects of inseparability of mixed states. Phys. Rev. A 54, 1838–1843 (1996)
Lang, M.D., Caves, C.M.: Quantum discord and the geometry of bell-diagonal states. Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 150,501 (2010)
Wang, Y.K., Ma, T., Fan, H., Fei, S.M., Wang, Z.X.: Super-quantum correlation and geometry for bell-diagonal states with weak measurements. Quantum Inf. Process. 13(2), 283–297 (2014)
Lewenstein, M., Sanpera, A.: Separability and entanglement of composite quantum systems. Phys. Rev. Lett. 80, 2261–2264 (1998)
Wellens, T., Kus, M.: Separable approximation for mixed states of composite quantum systems. Phys. Rev. A 64, 052,302 (2001)
Ishizaka, S.: Analytical formula connecting entangled states and the closest disentangled state. Phys. Rev. A 67, 060,301 (2003)
Hashemi Rafsanjani, S.M., Huber, M., Broadbent, C.J., Eberly, J.H.: Genuinely multipartite concurrence of \(n\)-qubit \(x\) matrices. Phys. Rev. A 86, 062,303 (2012)
Yu, T., Eberly, J.H.: Evolution from entanglement to decoherence of bipartite mixed “x” states. Quantum Inf. Comput. 7(5), 459–468 (2007)
Paula, F.M., de Oliveira, T.R., Sarandy, M.S.: Geometric quantum discord through the schatten 1-norm. Phys. Rev. A 87, 064,101 (2013)
Konrad, T., de Melo, F., Tiersch, M., Kasztelan, C., Aragao, A., Buchleitner, A.: Evolution equation for quantum entanglement. Nat. Phys. 4(4), 99–102 (2008). doi:10.1038/nphys885
Tiersch, M., de Melo, F., Konrad, T., Buchleitner, A.: Equation of motion for entanglement. Quantum Inf. Process. 8(6), 523 (2009)
Xu, J.S., Li, C.F., Xu, X.Y., Shi, C.H., Zou, X.B., Guo, G.C.: Experimental characterization of entanglement dynamics in noisy channels. Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 240,502 (2009)
Jiménez Farías, O., Lombard Latune, C., Walborn, S.P., Davidovich, L., Souto Ribeiro, P.H.: Determining the dynamics of entanglement. Science 324(5933), 1414–1417 (2009)
Yuan, H., Wei, L.F.: Geometric measure of quantum discord under decoherence and the relevant factorization law. Int. J. Theor. Phys. 52(3), 987–996 (2013)
Acknowledgements
JM acknowledges the financial support of the Brazilian funding agencies: Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), process 441875/2014-9, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Informação Quântica (INCT-IQ), process 2008/57856-6, and Coordenação de Desenvolvimento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), process 6531/2014-08. JM thanks the hospitality of the Physics Institute and Laser Spectroscopy Group at the Universidad de la República, Uruguay.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Feldman, V., Maziero, J. & Auyuanet, A. Direct-dynamical Entanglement–Discord relations. Quantum Inf Process 16, 128 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11128-017-1580-4
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11128-017-1580-4