Abstract
It seems impossible to endow opportunistic characteristic to quantum network on the basis that quantum channel cannot be overheard without disturbance. In this paper, we propose an opportunistic quantum network coding scheme by taking full advantage of channel characteristic of quantum teleportation. Concretely, it utilizes quantum channel for secure transmission of quantum states and can detect eavesdroppers by means of quantum channel verification. What is more, it utilizes classical channel for both opportunistic listening to neighbor states and opportunistic coding by broadcasting measurement outcome. Analysis results show that our scheme can reduce the times of transmissions over classical channels for relay nodes and can effectively defend against classical passive attack and quantum active attack.
Similar content being viewed by others
Explore related subjects
Discover the latest articles, news and stories from top researchers in related subjects.References
Ahlswede, R., Cai, N., Li, S.: Network information flow. IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory 46(4), 1204–1216 (2000)
Koutsonikolas, D., Hu, Y.C., Wang, C.C.: An empirical study of performance benefits of network coding in multihop wireless networks. In: Proceedings of IEEE INFOCOM, pp. 2981–2985 (2009)
Katti, S., Rahul, H., Hu, W., et al.: XORs in the air: practical wireless network coding. IEEE/ACM Trans. Netw. 16(3), 497–510 (2008)
Hayashi, M., Iwama, K.: Quantum network coding. In: Proceedings of 2007 Symposium. Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 4393, pp. 610–621 (2007)
Hayashi, M.: Prior entanglement between senders enables perfect quantum network coding with modification. Phys. Rev. A 76(4), 1–5 (2007)
Kobayashi, H., Gall, F.L., Nishimura, H., et al: Perfect quantum network communication protocol based on classical network coding. In: Proceedings of 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory(ISIT2010), Austin, Texas, USA, pp. 2686–2690 (2010)
Kobayashi, H., Gall, F.L., Nishimura, H., et al.: General Scheme for Perfect Quantum Network Coding with free Classical Communication. Automata, Languages and Programming, vol. 5555, pp. 622–633. Springer, Berlin (2009)
Kobayashi, H., Gall, F.L., Nishimura, H., et al: Constructing quantum network coding schemes from classical nonlinear protocols. In: Proceedings of 2011 IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory(ISIT2011), pp. 109–113 (2011)
Jain, A., Franceschetti, M., Meyer, D.A.: On quantum network coding. J. Math. Phys. 52, 032201 (2011)
Satoh, T., Gall, F.L., Imai, H.: Quantum network coding for quantum repeater. Phys. Rev. A 86(3), 1–8 (2012)
Shang, T., Li, J., Liu, J.W.: Quantum network coding for general repeater networks. Quantum Inf. Process. 14(8), 3533–3552 (2015)
Ma, S.Y., Chen, X.B.: Probabilistic quantum network coding of M-qudit states over the butterfly network. Opt. Commun. 283, 497–501 (2010)
Leung, D., Oppenheim, J., Winter, A.: Quantum network communication-the butterfly and beyond. IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory 56, 3478–3490 (2010)
Shang, T., Zhao, X.J., Liu, J.W.: Quantum network coding based on controlled teleportation. IEEE Commun. Lett. 18(5), 865–868 (2014)
Sebastian, N., Florian, M., et al.: Air-to-ground quantum communication. Nat. Photon. Lett. 3(7), 382–386 (2013)
Bennett, C.H., Brassard, G., Crepeau, C.: Teleportation an unknown quantum state via dual classical and EPR channel. Phys. Rev. Lett. 70(13), 1895–1899 (1993)
Bennett, C.H., Brassard, G.: An update on quantum cryptography. Adv. Cryptol. 84, 475–480 (1984)
Zeng, G.H.: Quantum identity authentication without lost of quantum channel. ChinaCrypt’2004, pp. 141–146 (2004)
Acknowledgments
Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 61571024,61272501), the National Basic Research Program of China (No. 2012CB315905), the Research Promotion Grants-in-Aid for KUT Graduates of Special Scholarship Program and the Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities (No. YWF15GJSYS059) for valuable helps.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Shang, T., Du, G. & Liu, Jw. Opportunistic quantum network coding based on quantum teleportation. Quantum Inf Process 15, 1743–1763 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11128-015-1219-2
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11128-015-1219-2