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Entanglement of arbitrary spin modes in expanding universe

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Abstract

Pair particle creation is a well-known effect in the domain of field theory in curved space–time. The behavior of the generated entanglement due to expanding universe is very different for spin-0 and spin-1/2 particles. We study spin-1 particles in Friedmann–Robertson–Walker (FRW) space–time using Duffin–Kemmer–Petiau equation and spin-3/2 particles in FRW space–time using Rarita–Schwinger equation. We find that in expanding universe, the behavior of the generated entanglement for spin-1 particles is the same as the behavior of the generated entanglement for spin-0 particles. Also, we find that spin-3/2 and spin-1/2 particles have the same behavior for the generated entanglement in expanding universe. We conclude that the absolute values of spins do not play any role and the differences in the behavior of the generated entanglement in expanding universe are due to bosonic or fermionic properties.

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Notes

  1. For a density matrix \(\rho \) of a composite bipartite system AB, a separable state can be written as \( \rho _\mathrm{sep}=\sum _iw_i \rho _A^i\otimes \rho _B^i, \) where \(w_i\)’s are positive weights, and \(\rho _A^i\)’s and \(\rho _B^i\)’s are local states belonging to A and B, respectively. An entangled state is a state that is not separable.

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Acknowledgments

R.R. would like to acknowledge supports from Industry of Canada, CIFAR and NSERC.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, P. O. Box 179, Ardabil, Iran

    Hosein Mohammadzadeh & Zahra Ebadi

  2. Department of Physics, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran

    Zahra Ebadi & Behrouz Mirza

  3. Department of Physics, Babol University of Technology, Babol, 47148-71167, Iran

    Hossein Mehri-Dehnavi

  4. Institute for Quantum Computing, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada

    Robabeh Rahimi Darabad

  5. Department of Physics, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

    Robabeh Rahimi Darabad

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  1. Hosein Mohammadzadeh
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  2. Zahra Ebadi
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  3. Hossein Mehri-Dehnavi
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  4. Behrouz Mirza
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Correspondence to Robabeh Rahimi Darabad.

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Mohammadzadeh, H., Ebadi, Z., Mehri-Dehnavi, H. et al. Entanglement of arbitrary spin modes in expanding universe. Quantum Inf Process 14, 4787–4801 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11128-015-1125-7

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