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Profiles of Subjective Daytime Sleepiness through Cluster Analysis

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Abstract

Sleepiness propensity and sleepiness perception are two relevant dimensions of the general multidimensional sleepiness construct. In the current study, the aim was to identify eventual homogeneous subgroups when sleepiness propensity and sleepiness perception measures are combined. Data from 678 undergraduate students (aged 17 to 24 years) from a medical school were analyzed. A Two-Step Cluster Analysis was performed taken into consideration sleepiness propensity and sleepiness perception measures as clustering variables. Four different clusters were identified. Additionally, the two groups comprising higher levels of sleepiness perception (i.e., “high perception, low propensity” and “high subjective daytime sleepiness” clusters) had the most compromised results in some of the sleep-related variables examined – sleep needs, sleep latency, sleep quality, sleep sufficiency, self-reported insomnia, sleep reactivity to stress, and cognitive arousal – and in some of non-sleep related variables, such as neuroticism and affect. As to non-sleep variables, those groups reported higher scores in neuroticism, arousability, self-reported mental health and affective states. The identification of distinct groups concerning self-reported sleepiness may bring new avenues for research and understanding of the specific and differential role of sleepiness and its dimensions in sleep health and sleep disturbances, in particular, insomnia disorder.

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Acknowledgements

We are grateful to professors and students who participated in this study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Education and Psychology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal

    Daniel Ruivo Marques

  2. CINEICC - Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive Behavioral Intervention, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal

    Daniel Ruivo Marques & Ana Allen Gomes

  3. Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, Rua do Colégio Novo, 3000-115, Coimbra, Portugal

    Ana Allen Gomes

  4. Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal

    Maria Helena Pinto de Azevedo

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  1. Daniel Ruivo Marques
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Correspondence to Daniel Ruivo Marques.

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Marques, D.R., Gomes, A.A. & de Azevedo, M.H.P. Profiles of Subjective Daytime Sleepiness through Cluster Analysis. Psychiatr Q 91, 147–163 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11126-019-09690-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11126-019-09690-9

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