Abroms, L., Simons-Morton, B., Haynie, D. L., & Chen, R. (2005). Psychosocial predictors of smoking trajectories during middle and high school. Addiction, 100, 852–861.
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Alesci, N. L., Forster, J. L., & Erickson, D. J. (2009). Did youth smoking behaviors change before and after the shutdown of Minnesota Youth Tobacco Prevention Initiative? Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 11, 1196–1204.
Article
Google Scholar
Basch, C. E., Sliepcevich, E. M., Gold, R. S., Duncan, D. F., & Kolbe, L. J. (1985). Avoiding type III errors in health education program evaluations: A case study. Health Education Quarterly, 12, 315–331.
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Bernat, D. H., Lazovich, D., Forster, J., Oakes, J. M., & Chen, V. (2009). Area-level variation in adolescent smoking. Preventing Chronic Disease, 6, A42. Epub 2009 Mar 15. http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2009/apr/08_0048.htm.
Bollen, K. A., & Curran, P. J. (2006). Latent curve models: A structural equation perspective. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Interscience.
Google Scholar
Botvin, G. J., & Griffin, K. W. (2007). School-based programmes to prevent alcohol, tobacco and other drug use. International Review of Psychiatry, 19, 607–615.
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Burke, J. D., Loeber, R., White, H. R., Stouthamer-Loeber, M., & Pardini, D. A. (2007). Inattention as a key predictor of tobacco use in adolescence. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 116, 249–259.
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids. (2007). A broken promise to our children: The 1998 state tobacco settlement nine years later. Washington, DC.
Celebucki, C., Biener, L., & Koh, H. K. (1998). Evaluation: Methods and strategy for evaluation—Massachusetts. Cancer, 83, 2760–2765.
PubMed
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2008). Cigarette smoking among adults–United States, 2007. MMWR—Morbidity & Mortality Weekly Report, 57, 1121–1226.
Google Scholar
Chassin, L., Presson, C. C., Rose, J. S., & Sherman, S. J. (1996). The natural history of cigarette smoking from adolescence to adulthood: Demographic predictors of continuity and change. Health Psychology, 15, 478–484.
PubMed
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Chen, P. H., White, H. R., & Pandina, R. J. (2001). Predictors of smoking cessation from adolescence into young adulthood. Addictive Behaviors, 26, 517–529.
PubMed
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Choi, W. S., Gilpin, E. A., Farkas, A. J., & Pierce, J. P. (2001). Determining the probability of future smoking among adolescents. Addiction, 96, 313–323.
PubMed
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Choi, W. S., Pierce, J. P., Gilpin, E. A., Farkas, A. J., & Berry, C. C. (1997). Which adolescent experimenters progress to established smoking in the United States. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 13, 385–391.
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Dell, J. L., Whitman, S., Shah, A. M., Silva, A., & Ansell, D. (2005). Smoking in 6 diverse Chicago communities—a population study. American Journal of Public Health, 95, 1036–1042.
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Dent, C. W., Sussman, S. Y., & Stacy, A. W. (1997). The impact of a written parental consent policy on estimates from a school-based drug use survey. Evaluation Review, 21, 698–712.
PubMed
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
DiFranza, J. R., Rigotti, N. A., McNeill, A. D., Ockene, J. A., Savageau, J. A., St. Cyr, D., et al. (2000). Initial symptoms of nicotine dependence in adolescents. Tobacco Control, 9, 313–319.
PubMed
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Field, A. E., Austin, S. B., Frazier, A. L., Gillman, M. W., Camargo, C. A., Jr., & Colditz, G. A. (2002). Smoking, getting drunk, and engaging in bulimic behaviors: In which order are the behaviors adopted? Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 41, 846–853.
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Flay, B. R., Hu, F. B., & Richardson, J. (1998). Psychosocial predictors of different stages of cigarette smoking among high school students. Preventive Medicine, 27, A9–A18.
PubMed
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Gans, J. E., & Brindis, C. D. (1995). Choice of research setting in understanding adolescent health problems. The Journal of Adolescent Health, 17, 306–313.
PubMed
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Griesler, P. C., Kandel, D. B., & Davies, M. (2002). Ethnic differences in predictors of initiation and persistence of adolescent cigarette smoking in the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 4, 79–93.
Article
Google Scholar
Grimshaw, G. M., & Stanton, A. (2006). Tobacco cessation interventions for young people. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 4, CD003289.
Google Scholar
Harris, K. M., Halpern, C. T., Entzel, P., Tabor, J., Bearman, P. S., & Udry, J. R. (2008). The National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health: Research design. http://www.cpc.unc.edu/projects/addhealth/design.
Juon, H. S., Ensminger, M. E., & Sydnor, K. D. (2002). A longitudinal study of developmental trajectories to young adult cigarette smoking. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 66, 303–314.
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Karp, I., O’Loughlin, J., Paradis, G., Hanley, J., & Difranza, J. (2005). Smoking trajectories of adolescent novice smokers in a longitudinal study of tobacco use. Annals of Epidemiology, 15, 445–452.
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Klein, E. G., Forster, J. L., Erickson, D. J., Lytle, L. A., & Schillo, B. (2009). The relationship between local clean indoor air policies and smoking behaviours in Minnesota youth. Tobacco Control, 18, 132–137.
PubMed
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Lazovich, D., Forster, J. L., Widome, R., & Van Coevering, P. (2007). Tobacco possession, use, and purchase laws and penalties in Minnesota: Enforcement, tobacco diversion programs, and youth awareness. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 9, S57–S64.
Article
Google Scholar
Lenk, K. M., Chen, V., Bernat, D., Forster, J. L., & Rode, P. (2009). Characterizing and comparing young adult intermittent and daily smokers. Substance Use and Misuse, 44, 2128–2140.
Google Scholar
Liang, K. Y., & Zeger, S. L. (1986). Longitudinal data analysis using generalized linear models. Biometrics, 73, 13–22.
Article
Google Scholar
Liang, L., Chaloupka, F., Nichter, M., & Clayton, R. (2003). Prices, policies and youth smoking, May 2001. Addiction, 98, 105–122.
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Lynch, B. S., & Bonnie, R. J. (Eds.). (1994). Growing up tobacco free: Preventing nicotine addiction in children and youths. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
Google Scholar
Mayhew, K. P., Flay, B. R., & Mott, J. A. (2000). Stages in the development of adolescent smoking. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 59, S61–S81.
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Minnesota House of Representatives. (1999). Minnesota’s tobacco settlement. St. Paul: Minnesota State Legislature.
Google Scholar
Minnesota Session Laws. (1999, May 25, 1999). Tobacco settlement payments. 1999. from https://www.revisor.leg.state.mn.us/laws/?id=245&doctype=Chapter&year=1999&type=0
Moore, J. M., & Bjornson, W. (1998). Evaluation: Methods and strategy for evaluation—Oregon. Cancer, 83, 2770–2772.
PubMed
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Murray, D. M., Hannan, P. J., Wolfinger, R. D., Baker, W. L., & Dwyer, J. H. (1998). Analysis of data from group-randomized trials with repeat observations on the same groups. Statistics in Medicine, 17, 1581–1600.
PubMed
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Murray, D. M., Pals, S. L., Blitstein, J. L., Alfano, C. M., & Lehman, J. (2008). Design and analysis of group-randomized trials in cancer: A review of current practices. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 100, 483–491.
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
National Cancer Institute. (1998). Tobacco research implementation plan: Priorities for tobacco research beyond the year 2000. Bethesda, MD: National Cancer Institute, Tobacco Research Implementation Group.
Google Scholar
Pierce, J. P., Choi, W. S., Gilpin, E. A., Farkas, A. J., & Merritt, R. K. (1996). Validation of susceptibility as a predictor of which adolescents take up smoking in the United States. Health Psychology, 15, 355–361.
PubMed
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Pirie, P. L., Stone, E. J., Assaf, A. R., Flora, J. A., & Maschewsky-Schneider, U. (1994). Program evaluation strategies for community-based health promotion programs: Perspectives from the cardiovascular disease community research and demonstration studies. Health Education Research, 9, 23–36.
PubMed
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Prokhorov, A. V., Warneke, C., de Moor, C., Emmons, K. M., Mullin Jones, M., Rosenblum, C., et al. (2003). Self-reported health status, health vulnerability, and smoking behavior in college students: Implications for intervention. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 5, 545–552.
Article
Google Scholar
Ross, H., Chaloupka, F. J., & Wakefield, M. (2006). Youth smoking uptake progress: Price and public policy effects. Eastern Economic Journal, 32, 355–367.
Google Scholar
Scheirer, M. A. (1987). Program theory and implementation theory: Implications for evaluators. In L. Bickman (Ed.), New directions for program evaluation, using program theory in evaluation (pp. 59–76). San Francisco, CA: Jossey Bass.
Google Scholar
Skara, S., & Sussman, S. (2003). A review of 25 long-term adolescent tobacco and other drug use prevention program evaluations. Preventive Medicine, 37, 451–474.
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Sorensen, G., Emmons, K., Hunt, M. K., & Johnston, D. (1998). Implications of the results of community intervention trials. Annual Review of Public Health, 19, 379–416.
PubMed
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Substance Abuse & Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). (2008). Results from the 2007 National Survey on Drug Use & Health: National findings. Rockville, MD: US Department of Health and Human Services.
Google Scholar
Thomas, R., & Perera, R. (2006). School-based programmes for preventing smoking. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 3, CD001293.
CAS
Google Scholar
Toomey, T. L., Chen, V., Bernat, D. H., Forster, J. L., & Rode, P. (2009). Do cigarette prices vary by brand, neighborhood, and store characteristics? Public Health Reports, 124, 535–540.
PubMed
Google Scholar
US Census Bureau. (2007, Apr 28, 2008). Estimates of the population by race and Hispanic origin for the United States and States: July 1, 2007. Retrieved Sep 2, 2008, from http://www.census.gov/popest/states/asrh/SC-EST2007-04.html
US Department of Health and Human Services. (1994). Preventing tobacco use among young people: A report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta, GA: US Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health.
Google Scholar
Van De Ven, M. O., Greenwood, P. A., Engels, R. C., Olsson, C. A., & Patton, C. C. (2010). Patterns of adolescent smoking and later nicotine dependence in young adults: A 10-year prospective study. Public Health, 124, 65–70.
Article
Google Scholar
Voorhees, C. C., Schreiber, G. B., Schumann, B. C., Biro, F., & Crawford, P. B. (2002). Early predictors of daily smoking in young women: The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Growth and Health Study. Preventive Medicine, 34, 616–624.
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar
Ward, K. D., Vander Weg, M. W., Kovach, K. W., Klesges, R. C., DeBon, M. W., Haddock, C. K., et al. (2002). Ethnic and gender differences in smoking and smoking cessation in a population of young adult air force recruits. American Journal of Health Promotion, 16, 259–266.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Widome, R., Forster, J. L., Hannan, P. J., & Perry, C. L. (2007). Longitudinal patterns of youth access to cigarettes and smoking progression: Minnesota Adolescent Community Cohort (MACC) study (2000–2003). Preventive Medicine, 45, 442–446.
PubMed
Article
Google Scholar