Abstract
The complete genome sequence of the thermophilic purple sulfur bacterium Thermochromatium tepidum strain MCT (DSM 3771T) is described and contrasted with that of its mesophilic relative Allochromatium vinosum strain D (DSM 180T) and other Chromatiaceae. The Tch. tepidum genome is a single circular chromosome of 2,958,290 base pairs with no plasmids and is substantially smaller than the genome of Alc. vinosum. The Tch. tepidum genome encodes two forms of RuBisCO and contains nifHDK and several other genes encoding a molybdenum nitrogenase but lacks a gene encoding a protein that assembles the Fe–S cluster required to form a functional nitrogenase molybdenum-iron cofactor, leaving the phototroph phenotypically Nif–. Tch. tepidum contains genes necessary for oxidizing sulfide to sulfate as photosynthetic electron donor but is genetically unequipped to either oxidize thiosulfate as an electron donor or carry out assimilative sulfate reduction, both of which are physiological hallmarks of Alc. vinosum. Also unlike Alc. vinosum, Tch. tepidum is obligately phototrophic and unable to grow chemotrophically in darkness by respiration. Several genes present in the Alc. vinosum genome that are absent from the genome of Tch. tepidum likely contribute to the major physiological differences observed between these related purple sulfur bacteria that inhabit distinct ecological niches.
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Data availability
The Tch. tepidum strain MCT (DSM 3771T; ATCC 43061T) whole genome shotgun project has been deposited at DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank under the accession designation CP039268.1.
Abbreviations
- Tch. :
-
Thermochromatium
- Alc.:
-
Allochromatium
- Ccm :
-
Caldichromatium
- PSB:
-
Purple sulfur bacteria
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Acknowledgements
MTM thanks the United States National Park Service for the collection permit that allowed sampling in the Mammoth Hot Springs area in 1982 and the gracious hospitality of Dr. Dave Ward and the staff of his laboratory at Montana State University where Thermochromatium tepidum strain MCT was originally enriched. MTM also thanks the Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Munich for a copy of the paper by Perty and Prof. Dr. Bernhard Schink, Konstanz for translation of the papers by Ehrenberg and Perty. We thank Kaelyn Nannini for assistance with ANI calculations and the Hodson Research Institute (Indiana Wesleyan University) for research grants supporting the participation of BMB, EDD, MKH, TLR, KNS, LMS, and WMS in this research.
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This work was supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation Grant #0950550 to JWT, MTM, and REB. In addition, MTM received partial support from NASA Exobiology Grant NNX15AM17G.
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JWT, MTM, REB, WDS, and WMS conceived and designed the experiments. MTM provided the culture of Tch. tepidum strain MCT. WMS, MTM, BMB, KNS, LMS, EDD, MKH, TLR, WDS, SAG, CMK, DAN, JS, and Z-YW-O performed comparative sequence analyses and analyzed the data. WDS coordinated submission and accessioning of the Tch. tepidum str. MCT genome sequence with GenBank. MTM, WMS, and EDD prepared the manuscript text, with WMS, MTM, Z-YW-O, MKH, LMS, EDD, and TLR providing tables and figures. All authors reviewed and finalized the submitted version of the paper.
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Sattley, W.M., Swingley, W.D., Burchell, B.M. et al. Complete genome of the thermophilic purple sulfur Bacterium Thermochromatium tepidum compared to Allochromatium vinosum and other Chromatiaceae. Photosynth Res 151, 125–142 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11120-021-00870-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11120-021-00870-y