Abstract
Some mosses stay green and survive long even under desiccation. Dissipation mechanisms of excess excitation energy were studied in two drought-tolerant moss species adapted to contrasting niches: shade-adapted Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus and sun-adapted Rhytidium rugosum in the same family. (1) Under wet conditions, a light-induced nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) mechanism decreased the yield of photosystem II (PSII) fluorescence in both species. The NPQ extent saturated at a lower illumination intensity in R. squarrosus, suggesting a larger PSII antenna size. (2) Desiccation reduced the fluorescence intensities giving significantly lower F 0 levels and shortened the overall fluorescence lifetimes in both R. squarrosus and R. rugosum, at room temperature. (3) At 77 K, desiccation strongly reduced the PSII fluorescence intensity. This reduction was smaller in R. squarrosus than in R. rugosum. (4) Global and target analysis indicated two different mechanisms of energy dissipation in PSII under desiccation: the energy dissipation to a desiccation-formed strong fluorescence quencher in the PSII core in sun-adapted R. rugosum (type-A quenching) and (5) the moderate energy dissipation in the light-harvesting complex/PSII in shade-adapted R. squarrosus (type-B quenching). The two mechanisms are consistent with the different ecological niches of the two mosses.
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Abbreviations
- Chl:
-
Chlorophyll
- DAS:
-
Decay-associated spectra
- F 0 and F M :
-
Fluorescence yield levels at the dark-adapted and illuminated maximum conditions, respectively
- F684, F695, and F730:
-
Fluorescence bands at 684, 695, and 730 nm, respectively
- IRF:
-
Instrument response function
- LHCII:
-
Light-harvesting complex II
- NPQ:
-
Nonphotochemical quenching of fluorescence
- PAM:
-
Pulse amplitude-modulated fluorescence measurement
- PPFD:
-
Photosynthetic photon flux density
- PSI and PSII:
-
Photosystems I and II, respectively
- PSIIRC:
-
Reaction center of PSII
- red-Chl:
-
Chlorophyll a species with long-wavelength fluorescence band
- SAS:
-
Species-associated spectra
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Acknowledgements
This work was financially supported by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology (KAKENHI Nos. 26440139 and 17K07440) to S.I. The authors thank Dr. Yoshimasa Fukusima at Advanced Research Institute for Natural Science and Technology in Osaka City University for his help in DAS analysis. H. M. and S. I. thank Dr. Masahiro Ishiura at the Center for Gene Research and Tsutomu Kouyama at the Department of Physics in Nagoya University for their encouragement during the work.
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The paper is dedicated to Ulrich Heber, who died on June 11, 2016, at the age of 85.
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Yamakawa, H., van Stokkum, I.H.M., Heber, U. et al. Mechanisms of drought-induced dissipation of excitation energy in sun- and shade-adapted drought-tolerant mosses studied by fluorescence yield change and global and target analysis of fluorescence decay kinetics. Photosynth Res 135, 285–298 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11120-017-0465-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11120-017-0465-9