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Low PSI content limits the photoprotection of PSI and PSII in early growth stages of chlorophyll b-deficient wheat mutant lines

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Abstract

In vivo analyses of electron and proton transport-related processes as well as photoprotective responses were carried out at different stages of growth in chlorophyll b (Chl b)-deficient mutant lines (ANK-32A and ANK-32B) and wild type (WT) of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). In addition to a high Chl a–b ratio, ANK mutants had a lower content of photo-oxidizable photosystem I (PSI, P m), and several parameters indicated a low PSI/PSII ratio. Moreover, simultaneous measurements of Chl fluorescence and P700 indicated a shift of balance between redox poise of the PSII acceptor side and the PSII donor side, with preferential reduction of the plastoquinone pool, resulting in an over reduced PSI acceptor side (high Φ NA values). This was the probable reason for PSI inactivation observed in the ANK mutants, but not in WT. In later growth phases, we observed partial relief of “chlorina symptoms,” toward WT. Measurements of ΔA 520 decay confirmed that, in early growth stages, the ANK mutants with low PSI content had a limited capacity to build up the transthylakoid proton gradient (ΔpH) needed to trigger non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) and to regulate the electron transport by cytochrome b 6/f. Later, the increase in the PSI/PSII ratio enabled ANK mutants to reach full NPQ, but neither over reduction of the PSI acceptor side nor PSI photoinactivation due to imbalance between the activity of PSII and PSI was mitigated. Thus, our results support the crucial role of proper regulation of linear electron transport in the protection of PSI against photoinhibition. Moreover, the ANK mutants of wheat showing the dynamic developmental changes in the PSI/PSII ratio are presented here as very useful models for further studies.

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Abbreviations

\(A_{{{\text{CO}}_{2} }}\) :

CO2 assimilation rate

Chl:

Chlorophyll

ChlF:

Chlorophyll a fluorescence

Cyt b 6/f :

Cytochrome b 6/f

ECS:

Electrochromic bandshift

LED:

Light emitting diode

LHC:

Light harvesting complex

P700:

Primary electron donor of PSI (reduced form)

P700+ :

Primary electron donor of PSI (oxidized form)

PAR:

Photosynthetic active radiation

Pmf :

Proton motive force

PQ:

Plastoquinone

PSI:

Photosystem I

PSII:

Photosystem II

Q A, Q B :

Primary, secondary PSII acceptor

RCs:

Reaction centers

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

q E :

pH-dependent energy dissipation

WT:

Wild type; the genotype with normal chlorophyll synthesis

ΔA 520 :

Absorbance changes at 520 nm

ΔpH:

Transthylakoid pH gradient

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the European Community under the Project No. 26220220180: “Construction of the ‘AgroBioTech’ Research Centre.” SIA was supported by Grants from the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, and by Molecular and Cell Biology Programs of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak Agricultural University, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76, Nitra, Slovak Republic

    Marian Brestic, Marek Zivcak, Kristyna Kunderlikova, Oksana Sytar & Hongbo Shao

  2. Department of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrs’ka St. 64, Kiev, 01601, Ukraine

    Oksana Sytar

  3. Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology & Bioresources Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Yantai, 264003, People’s Republic of China

    Hongbo Shao

  4. Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw Agricultural University SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland

    Hazem M. Kalaji

  5. Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya Street 35, Moscow, 127276, Russia

    Suleyman I. Allakhverdiev

  6. Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow, 142290, Russia

    Suleyman I. Allakhverdiev

  7. Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-12, Moscow, 119991, Russia

    Suleyman I. Allakhverdiev

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  1. Marian Brestic
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Correspondence to Hazem M. Kalaji.

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Brestic, M., Zivcak, M., Kunderlikova, K. et al. Low PSI content limits the photoprotection of PSI and PSII in early growth stages of chlorophyll b-deficient wheat mutant lines. Photosynth Res 125, 151–166 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11120-015-0093-1

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