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Models for Proton-coupled Electron Transfer in Photosystem II

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An Erratum to this article was published on 01 January 2006

Abstract

The coupling of proton and electron transfers is a key part of the chemistry of photosynthesis. The oxidative side of photosystem II (PS II) in particular seems to involve a number of proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) steps in the S-state transitions. This mini-review presents an overview of recent studies of PCET model systems in the authors’ laboratory. PCET is defined as a chemical reaction involving concerted transfer of one electron and one proton. These are thus distinguished from stepwise pathways involving initial electron transfer (ET) or initial proton transfer (PT). Hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) reactions are one class of PCET, in which H+ and e − are transferred from one reagent to another: AH+B→A+BH, roughly along the same path. Rate constants for many HAT reactions are found to be well predicted by the thermochemistry of hydrogen transfer and by Marcus Theory. This includes organic HAT reactions and reactions of iron-tris(α-diimine) and manganese-(μ-oxo) complexes. In PS II, HAT has been proposed as the mechanism by which the tyrosine Z radical (YZ) oxidizes the manganese cluster (the oxygen evolving complex, OEC). Another class of PCET reactions involves transfer of H+ and e − in different directions, for instance when the proton and electron acceptors are different reagents, as in AH–B+C+→A–HB++C. The oxidation of YZ by the chlorophyll P680 + has been suggested to occur by this mechanism. Models for this process – the oxidation of phenols with a pendent base – are described. The oxidation of the OEC by YZ could also occur by this second class of PCET reactions, involving an Mn–O–H fragment of the OEC. Initial attempts to model such a process using ruthenium-aquo complexes are described.

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Abbreviations

PS II:

Photosystem II

PCET:

proton-coupled electron transfer

ET:

electron transfer

PT:

proton transfer

HAT:

hydrogen atom transfer

OEC:

oxygen evolving complex

YZ or TyrZOH:

tyrosine Z, Tyr161 of the D1 subunit (of Thermosynechococcus elongatus)

YZ or TyrZO:

the phenoxyl radical of YZ

P680+ :

oxidized form of the redox-active chlorophyll cluster

His:

histidine

BDE:

bond dissociation enthalpy

BDFE:

bond dissociation free energy

Fe II (H 2 bim ) :

iron(II) tris(2,2′-bi-imidazoline) complex, [Fe(H2bim)3](ClO4)2

Fe III (Hbim) :

the oxidized and singly deprotonated form of Fe II (H 2 bim)

Fe II (H 2 bip) :

iron(II) tris(2,2′-bi-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidine) complex, [Fe(H2bip)3](ClO4)2

Fe III (Hbip) :

the oxidized and deprotonated form of complex Fe II (H 2 bip)

TEMPO:

2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy

TEMPOH:

2,2,6,6,-tetramethyl-1-hydroxypiperidine

HOAr–NH 2 :

2-(aminodiphenyl- m ethyl)-4,6-di-tert-butylphenol

Ar3N:

triarylamine

Cp2Fe:

ferrocene

Ox + :

a one-electron oxidant

tol:

tolyl (p-C6H4CH3)

DFT:

density functional theory

napy:

naphthyridine (1,8-diazanaphthalene)

bpy:

2,2′-bipyridine

binapy:

3,3′-binaphthyridine

trpy:

2,2′,6′,2′′-terpyridine

CV:

cyclic voltammogram

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Author notes

  1. Ian J. Rhile

    Present address: Department of Chemistry, Albright College, P. O. Box 15234, Reading, PA, 19612-5234, USA

  2. Frank B. Larsen

    Present address: Department of Chemistry, University of Southern Denmark, Odense Campus, 5230 , Odense M, Denmark

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Campus Box 351700, Seattle, WA, 98195-1700, USA

    James M. Mayer, Elizabeth A. Mader, Todd F. Markle & Antonio G. DiPasquale

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  1. James M. Mayer
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An erratum to this article can be found at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11120-006-9053-0

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Mayer, J.M., Rhile, I.J., Larsen, F.B. et al. Models for Proton-coupled Electron Transfer in Photosystem II. Photosynth Res 87, 3–20 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11120-005-8164-3

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