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Yield potential of site-specific integrated pest and soil nutrient management at different harvest intervals under two commercial cocoa planting systems in Malaysia

Precision Agriculture volume 24, pages 1132–1153 (2023)Cite this article

Abstract

Spatio-temporal variability of soil fertility and cocoa pod borer (CPB) infestation rate provides strategic information about the soil nutrients and CPB population densities at different harvest intervals. This enables the transitioning of cocoa fields (cooca-gliricidia and cocoa-coconut) from conventional to modern precision management. Geostatistical methods were applied to interpolate the data collected from a systematic grid based on a cluster of six cocoa tree stands for both fields and produce maps representing the spatial variability of all soil variables and CPB attack. Cocoa fresh bean weight and CPB infestation data were collected at two week-intervals from cocoa-gliricidia and cocoa-coconut. All field data points were geo-referenced by a differential global positioning system. Data were processed for possible outliers, and analysed by variography and interpolation techniques for quantification of spatial variability. Results showed that both plots exhibited definable spatial structures and were described by exponential models. Precision cocoa management recorded an increase in crop yield by 52.8 and 37.5% at cocoa-gliricidia and cocoa-coconut, respectively. Site-specific nutrient management and integrated pest control in the critical zones showed improvement in cocoa yields, especially during the peak harvest season.

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Acknowledgements

This work was part of the program entitled ‘Integration of cocoa with other commodities and pilot-plot of precision farming’ (P20001001116002) and was funded by the 11th Malaysia Plan, Economic Planning Unit, Prime Minister’s Department. We gratefully thank the Ministry of Plantation Industries and Commodities (MPIC) for their long-term support. Special thanks to the Director General of Malaysian Cocoa Board and the Director of Cocoa Upstream Technology, Malaysian Cocoa Board for their kind approval in publishing the findings of this research.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Cocoa Upstream Technology Department, Malaysian Cocoa Board, Sg. Dulang Road, P.O. Box 30, 36307, Sg. Sumun, Perak, Malaysia

    Y. K. Tee

  2. Department of Agriculture Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

    S. K. Balasundram

  3. Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy, Max-Eyth-Allee 100, 14469, Potsdam, Bornim, Germany

    R. R. Shamshiri

  4. Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

    A. R. M. Shariff

  5. Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

    P. Ding

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  1. Y. K. Tee
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  3. R. R. Shamshiri
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Correspondence to S. K. Balasundram.

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Tee, Y.K., Balasundram, S.K., Shamshiri, R.R. et al. Yield potential of site-specific integrated pest and soil nutrient management at different harvest intervals under two commercial cocoa planting systems in Malaysia. Precision Agric 24, 1132–1153 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11119-023-10003-1

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