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Incentive measures to avoid the illegal parking of dockless shared bikes: the relationships among incentive forms, intensity and policy compliance

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Abstract

The recent development of shared-bike systems in China has brought convenience for users, as well as great pressure on bicycle parking management. There is limited empirical evidence regarding the effectiveness of incentive measures from the perspective of guiding people to park their shared bikes regularly. By defining a mixed logit model based on the theory of planned behaviour, this study focuses on exploring the conformity effects of policy compliance among dockless shared-bike users in the behavioural decisions of bicycle parking. A total of 453 respondents who had just finished parking a shared bike were invited to provide intentional information by participating in a stated preference survey. The empirical results indicated that, as a positive and negative incentive measure, both monetary rewards and financial penalties can motivate people to park the shared bikes in an unsaturated place near their destinations. However, the significant difference is that, with increasing incentive intensity, a monetary reward can motivate shared-bike users to shift the bicycles away more effectively than a financial penalty, especially when the shifting distance requires more than 10 min of walking. In addition, some factors used to characterize the individual heterogeneity, such as gender, education and searching time for dockless shared bikes, also have obvious impacts on policy compliance regarding bicycle parking guidance. These findings can help policy makers to create appropriate measures in the form of incentives to reduce illegal parking by shared-bike users.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the editor and anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments and valuable suggestions which have helped to improve this paper substantially. The financial support from the National Key R&D Program of China (No. 2018YFE0120100), the Fujian Natural Science Foundation (2016J01725) and the Technology Program of Fujian University of Technology (GY-Z19094, GY-Z17155) is also gratefully acknowledged. Moreover, LG wants to thank the inimitable care and support of Dandan Chen over the passed years. You're just too good to be ture.

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  1. Institute of Transportation, Fujian University of Technology, No. 33 Xuefu South Road, New District, Fuzhou, Fujian, China

    Liangpeng Gao

  2. Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Urban ITS, Jiangsu Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Urban Traffic Technologies, School of Transportation, Southeast University, No.2 Southeast University Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China

    Liangpeng Gao, Yanjie Ji & Yao Fan

  3. College of Automobile and Traffic Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Longpan Road 159, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China

    Xingchen Yan

  4. School of Civil Engineering and Geosciences (CEG), Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK

    Weihong Guo

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Contributions

LG: Literature Search and Review, Manuscript Writing and Meta-Analysis. YJ: Conceived, Designed the Paper and Provided the Funding Support. XY: Manuscript Rewording, Editing and Meta-Analysis. YF: Data Collection and Manuscript Editing. WG: Manuscript Editing and Contributed the Analysis Tools.

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Gao, L., Ji, Y., Yan, X. et al. Incentive measures to avoid the illegal parking of dockless shared bikes: the relationships among incentive forms, intensity and policy compliance. Transportation 48, 1033–1060 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11116-020-10088-x

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