Abstract
The rapid pace of motorization throughout the world has changed travel behavior, which in turn has influenced every aspect of transport operations. This impact has also increasingly challenged the future existence of such road-based urban public transport as paratransit due to its characteristics and problems, especially in developing countries. Since creating satisfied users can help retain paratransit’s existence, this research aims to explore user satisfaction with paratransit service in order to anticipate future implications for its competition with motorization in Bandung, Indonesia. It establishes important factors and attributes to explain user perceptions and priorities regarding the service. Its hypotheses explain how users measure paratransit’s quality of service, inferring that they are likely to continue to use it. Even though users are dissatisfied with several aspects of paratransit, and the impact of competition has been strong, loyal users can still be found. By considering the findings, existing problems of inappropriate-quality service can be addressed to satisfy users’ expectations. The study also suggests some anticipation of winning the competition with motorization.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Arbuckle, J.L., Wothke, W.: Amos 4.0 User’s Guide. Small Water Corporation, Chicago (1999)
BPS (Badan Pusat Statistik) Province of Riau: Riau in Figures, Pekanbaru (1990–1999)
BPS (Badan Pusat Statistik) City of Bandung: Bandung in Figures, Bandung (2004)
BPS (Badan Pusat Statistik) Province of West Java: West Java in Figures, Bandung (1990–2002)
BPS (Badan Pusat Statistik) City of Samarinda: Samarinda in Figures, Samarinda (2002)
BPS (Badan Pusat Statistik) Province of Gorontalo: Gorontalo in Figures, Gorontalo (2003)
BPS (Badan Pusat Statistik) Municipal of Pandeglang: Pandeglang in Figures, Pandeglang (2000–2003)
BPS (Badan Pusat Statistik) Municipal of Lebak: Lebak in Figures, Rangkasbitung (2001–2003)
BPS (Badan Pusat Statistik) Municipal of Serang: Serang in Figures, Serang (2001–2003)
Cervero, R.: The Transit Metropolis. A Global Inquiry. Island Press, Washington, DC (1998)
City of Bogor (2005) Transport modes in Bogor. http://www.sekitarkita.com/2004_03/2004_03_alat%20transport%20bogor_andre.htm. Cited March 2005
City of Bandung (2005) Official website of the city of Bandung. http://www.bandung.go.id/dishub/data.htm. Cited March 2005
City of Denpasar (2005) Official website of the city of Denpasar. http://www.denpasar.go.id/. Cited March 2005
City of Makassar (2005) Official website of the city of Makassar. http://www.makassar.go.id/data/perhubungan.html. Cited March 2005
DLLAJ (Traffic and Road Transport Agency): The Guide of Passenger Public Transportation Price Calculation with Fixed Routes in Urban Areas, West Java, Bandung (In Indonesian) (2001)
European Commission (1998) QUATTRO final report: synthesis and recommendations. http://europa.eu.int/comm/transport/extra/final_reports/urban/quattro.pdf
Friman, M., Gärling, T.: Satisfaction with public transport related to service performance. In: Hensher, D. (ed.) Travel Behavior Research, The Leading Edge International Association for Travel Behavior Research, pp. 845–854. Pergamon, Elsevier Science, Ltd., Oxford (2001)
Fornell, C.: A National customer satisfaction barometer: the Swedish experience. J. Mark. 56(1), 6–21 (1992)
Griffin, A., Gleason, G., Preiss, R., Shevenaugh, D.: Best practice for customer satisfaction in manufacturing firms. MIT Sloan Manage. Rev. 36(2), 87–98 (1995)
Hair, J.F., Black, W.C., Babin, B.J., Anderson, R.E., Tatham, R.L.: Multivariate Data Analysis, 6th edn. Pearson Education, Inc., New Jersey (2006)
Hensher, D.A., Stopher, P., Bullock, P.: Service quality: developing a service quality index in the provision of commercial bus contracts. Transport. Res. Part A 37, 499–517 (2003)
Hensher, D.A.: Contract areas and service quality issues in public transportation provision: some thoughts on the European and Australian context. J. Public Transport. 6(3), 15–42 (2003)
Hensher, D.A., Stanley, J.: Performance based quality contracts in bus service provision. Transport. Res. Part A 37, 519–538 (2003)
Israel, G.D.: Determining sample size, PEOD6, Agricultural Education and Communication Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville (1992)
Jen, W., Hu, K.-C.: Application of perceived value model to identify factors affecting passenger’s repurchase intentions on city bus: a case of the Taipei metropolitan area. Transportation 30, 307–327 (2003)
Joewono, T.B., Kubota, H.: The characteristics of paratransit and non-motorized transport in Bandung, Indonesia. J. Eastern Asia Soc. Transport. Studies 6, 262–277 (2005)
Johnson, M.D., Anderson, E.W., Fornell, C.: Rational and adaptive performance expectation in a customer framework. J. Consumer Res., Inc. 21, 595–707 (1995)
Kerstens, K.: Technical efficiency measurement and explanation of French urban transit companies. Transport. Res. Part B 30(6), 431–452 (1996)
Kim, N., Lee, C., Kim, J., Kwon, Y.: Critical measures of transit service quality in various city types. Proc. Eastern Asia Soc. Transport. Studies 5, 414–427 (2005)
Kline, R.B.: Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modeling, 2nd edn. The Guilford Press, New York (2005)
Knutsson, S.: Valuing rider quality in Swedish Special Transport Services—New findings. J. Public Transport. 6(3), 65–83 (2003)
Koushki, P.A., Al-Saleh, O.I., Al-Lumaia, M.: On management’s awareness of transit passenger needs. Transport. Policy 10, 17–26 (2003)
Litman, T.A. (2005) Evaluating urban transportation quality: I—Overview, Transport Geography on the Web. http://people.hofstra.edu/geotrans/index.html. Cited 24 October 2005
Lubis, H.A.R.S., Isnaeni, M., Nurjaya, S.D.: Urban transport and land use planning toward the sustainable development (case study of bandung metropolitan area). J. Eastern Asia Soc. Transport. Studies 5, 1702–1717 (2003)
Ministry of Settlement and Regional Infrastructure (Menkimpraswil): The Refinement and the Implementation of Urban Public Transport Policies (UPTP) in Bandung: Final Report. (The Louis Berger Group, Inc. and Eskapindo Matra C.V., Bandung 2002)
M+R International and Assoc. (MRI), PT Telaga Bakti Nusantara (TBN): Urban and Suburban Railway Transport System for the Bandung Metropolitan Area (BMARTS), Phase I-Development Study, Draft Final Report. (Bandung, Indonesia 1995)
Moriyama, M., Fujiwara, A., Zhang, J.: Development of non-monetary indicators to evaluate public transport services in rural areas. J. Eastern Asia Soc. Transport. Studies 6, 423–434 (2005)
Parasuraman, A., Zeithaml, V.A., Berry, L.L.: Conceptual model of service quality and its implication for future research. J. Mark. 49(4), 41–50 (1985)
Proussaloglou, K.E., Koppelman, F.S.: Use of Travelers’ Attitudes in Rail Service Design. Transportation Research Record, No. 1221. National Research Council, Washington, DC (1989)
Schaffer, D.: Competing based on the customer’s hierarchy of needs. Natl. Product. Rev., 9–15 (1995)
Sekaran, U.: Research Methods for Business, A Skill Building Approach, 2nd edn, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York (1992)
Silkunas, S.: Customer Satisfaction: The Ext Frontier. Transportation Research Record, No. 1395. National Research Council, Washington, DC (1993)
Tamin O.Z.: Integrated public and road transport network system for Bandung metropolitan area (Indonesia). Proc. Eastern Asia Soc. Transport. Studies 5, 1281–1300 (2005)
Transportation Research Board: A Handbook for Measuring Customer Satisfaction and Service Quality. Transit Cooperative Research Program (TCRP). Report 47. (National Research Council, Washington, DC 1999)
Transportation Research Board: A Guidebook for Developing a Transit Performance-Measurement System. Transit Cooperative Research Program (TCRP). Report 88. (National Research Council, Washington, DC 2003)
Tybout, A.M., Hauser, J.R., Koppelman, F.S.: Consumer oriented transportation planning: an integrated methodology for modeling consumers’ perception, preferences, and behavior. Adv. Consumer Res. 5, 426–434 (1978)
Vuchic, V.R.: Urban Transit: Operations, Planning, and Economics. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New Jersey (2005)
Winder, A. (ed.): Public Perception of Urban Transport Performance and Policy, Survey Report for the EU-15, National Policy Frameworks (NPF) Urban Transport, Lyon (2005)
World Bank: Bus Services: Reducing Costs, Raising Standards, World Bank Technical Paper Number 68 (Urban Transport Series, Washington, DC 1987)
Zhang, S., Zhou, W., Shao, C.: Evaluation of urban passenger transport structure. Proc. Eastern Asia Soc. Transport. Studies 5, 441–449 (2005)
Zimmerman, R.E., Steinmann, L., Schueler, V. (1996) Designing customer surveys that work. Quality Digest in http://www.qualitydigest.com/oct96/surveys.html. Cited 26 October 2005
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Joewono, T.B., Kubota, H. User satisfaction with paratransit in competition with motorization in indonesia: anticipation of future implications. Transportation 34, 337–354 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11116-007-9119-7
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11116-007-9119-7