Abstract
This study examines the patterns of politics accompanying efforts to hold the United States military accountable to U.S. environmental and natural resources (ENR) laws in the post-Cold War era. This analysis (1) uses three cases to describe what happened, and why, (2) to test several propositions related to military accountability to ENR laws in the post-Cold War era; (3) to offer a typology of tactics used that may help inform future research on intragovernmental regulation more generally; and (4) argues that public agencies have a responsibility to comply with the regulatory processes that hold them accountable to U.S. ENR laws.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Davies, J. C., & Probst, K. (2001). Regulating government. Washington, DC: Resources for the Future Discussion Paper.
Durant, R. F. (1985). When government regulates itself: EPA, TVA, and pollution control in the 1970s. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press.
Durant, R. F. (2007). The greening of the U.S. military: Environmental policy, national security, and organization change. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press.
Elmore, R. (1985). Forward and backward mapping: Reversible logic in the analysis of public policy. In K. Hanf & T. A. J. Toonen (Eds.), Policy implementation in federal and unitary systems: Questions of analysis and design (pp. 33–70). Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff.
Henk, D. (2006). The environment, the U.S. military, and Southern Africa. Parameters (U.S. Army War College Quarterly), XXXVI(2), 98–117.
Inside Washington Publishers. (1993). Health assessment agency seeks major new role in Superfund cleanup decisions. Inside EPA Weekly Report, 14(20), 10. also 1.
Inside Washington Publishers. (1994a). Text: EPA issues paper on munitions rule. Defense Environment Alert, 2(18), 7–11.
Inside Washington Publishers. (1994b). Superfund language could impose full liability on defense contractors. Defense Environment Alert, 2(18), 6.
Inside Washington Publishers. (1994c). DOD to stick with munitions policy EPA says could result in violations. Defense Environment Alert, 2(16), 20.
Inside Washington Publishers. (1994d). Army official warns stringent munitions regs could jeopardize operations. Defense Environment Alert, 2(25), 15.
Inside Washington Publishers. (1994e). Court report says Air Force plans violate environmental law. Defense Environment Alert, 2(21), 6.
Inside Washington Publishers. (1994f). EPA science board highlights plight of agency research program. Inside EPA Weekly Report, 15(19), 11–12.
Inside Washington Publishers. (1995a). Military fears wildlife refuge bill could undermine DOD authority. Defense Environment Alert, 3(16), 14.
Inside Washington Publishers. (1995b). Environmental attorney attacks EPA draft munitions rule. Defense Environment Alert, 3(13), 3–4.
Inside Washington Publishers. (1995c). DOD submits own version of munitions rule to administration. Defense Environment Alert, 3(19), 4–5. 26–33.
Inside Washington Publishers. (1995d). Air Force faces legal setback in plans for Idaho training range. Defense Environment Alert, 3(10), 17–18.
Inside Washington Publishers. (1995e). DOE won’t back plan to amend Federal Facility Compliance Act. Defense Environment Alert, 3(18), 3.
Inside Washington Publishers. (1995f). House panel devising Superfund reform proposal for DOD cleanup. Defense Environment Alert, 3(18), 4–5.
Inside Washington Publishers. (1995g). DOD seeks legislation to allow use of DERA money at newly closing bases. Defense Environment Alert, 3(6), 4.
Inside Washington Publishers. (1996a). Defense cleanup expert: Rule undermines government-citizen partnerships. Defense Environment Alert, 4(1), 8–9.
Inside Washington Publishers. (1996b). State environmental officials protest DOD policy for closed ranges. Defense Environment Alert, 4(9), 8–9.
Inside Washington Publishers. (1996c). Air Force to study impacts of enhanced training at Mountain Home. Defense Environment Alert, 4(3), 10.
Inside Washington Publishers. (1996d). Environmentalists in Air Force NEPA case add new claims. Defense Environment Alert, 4(25), 19.
Inside Washington Publishers. (1996e). Environmentalists revive arguments against Air Force’s Idaho range plan. Defense Environment Alert, 4(18), 17–18.
Inside Washington Publishers. (1997a). Navy to help fund California study on air emissions from ships. Defense Environment Alert, 5(13), 14.
Inside Washington Publishers. (1997b). BLM orders Navy to halt training flights over public lands in Nevada. Defense Environment Alert, 5(5), 7.
Inside Washington Publishers. (1997c). DOD background paper on a national security provision for the proposed climate change protocol. Defense Environment Alert, 5(20), 4.
Inside Washington Publishers. (1997d). EPA munitions rule draws mixed reviews from stakeholders, DOD. Defense Environment Alert, 5(4), 5–7.
Inside Washington Publishers. (1997e). Idaho sets parameters for Air Force range expansion plans. Defense Environment Alert, 5(16), 11.
Inside Washington Publishers. (1998a). Trustees voice concerns over EPA ecological risk management guidance. Defense Environment Alert, 6(24), 11.
Inside Washington Publishers. (1998b). Reid, Inouye try to block Kempthorne’s Idaho Air Force range expansion. Defense Environment Alert, 6(10), 6.
Inside Washington Publishers. (1998c). Idaho congressional delegation ready to push for expanded Air Force range. Defense Environment Alert, 6(3), 15–16.
Inside Washington Publishers. (1998d). Environmentalists sue Air Force, Idaho over planned range expansion. Defense Environment Alert, 6(9), 12.
Inside Washington Publishers. (1999a). EPA warns Defense Department of urgent need to address UXO issues. Defense Environment Alert, Special Report(May 6), 1–3.
Inside Washington Publishers. (1999b). Regulators remain concerned about range rule risk methodology. Defense Environment Alert, 7(13), 3–4.
Inside Washington Publishers. (1999c). Text: Excerpts of sovereign immunity report. Defense Environment Alert, 7(4), 16–20.
Inside Washington Publishers. (1999d). Reps. DeGette, Norwood urge strengthening sovereign immunity waivers. Defense Environment Alert, 7(2), 17.
Inside Washington Publishers. (2000a). Administration preparing legislation for Fort Irwin expansion. Defense Environment Alert, 8(6), 7.
Inside Washington Publishers. (2000b). Inventory indicates DOD greenhouse gas emissions lowered. Defense Environment Alert, 8(5), 6–7.
Inside Washington Publishers. (2000c). Citizens sue Air Force over lack of analysis of low-level flights. Defense Environment Alert, 8(3), 20–19.
Inside Washington Publishers. (2001). DOI, DOD outline for Congress key elements of Fort Irwin expansion plan. Defense Environment Alert, 9(3), 8–10.
Jablon, R. (2008). Navy sonar ban in Southern Calif. Upheld. Washington Post, March 2. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/03/01/AR2008030101099.html. Accessed 2 March 2008.
Lazarus, R. J. (2004). The making of environmental law. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Noskin, H., Carnes, R., & Schumann, P. (1992). When does RCRA apply to a CERCLA site? Federal Facilities Environmental Journal, 3(2), 173–178.
Paehlke, R. (1991). Government regulating itself: A Canadian-American comparison. Administration and Society, 22(4), 424–450.
Wilson, J. Q., & Rachal, P. (1977). Can the government regulate itself? The Public Interest, 46(Winter), 3–14.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Durant, R.F. National Defense, Environmental Regulation, and Overhead Democracy: A View from the “Greening” of the U.S. Military. Public Organiz Rev 10, 223–244 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11115-010-0128-1
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11115-010-0128-1