Drivers of land use change and household determinants of sustainability in smallholder farming systems of Eastern Uganda

Table 3 Wealth indicators and characteristics of the different resource groups in Pallisa district, Uganda

Wealth indicator	Resource category^a
Wealth indicator	LF	MF	SF1	SF2
Farm size	Have about 5 ha	Have about 1.6 ha	Approximately 1 ha	Less than 1 ha
Livestock	Have about 9 cattle with at least one pair of oxen	Have about 3 cattle with either one ox or a pair of oxen	At least have 1 ox to team with another farmer for draught power	Do not have cattle, but at least have goats
Livestock	Have about 4 goats	Have about 4 goats	May have about 3 goats	Do not have cattle, but at least have goats
Hire/sale of labour	Hire labour for livestock and casual labour for cropping activities	Hire labour for cropping activities. Also hire out labour particularly oxen for ploughing	Sell and hire labour for cropping	Sell labour
Farm implements	Own ox plough, hoes and wheel barrows	Own ox plough, hand hoes	May own an ox plough and hand hoes	Own only hand hoes
Production orientation	Grow some root and grain crops specifically for sale	Produce mainly for home consumption and some crops for sale	Produce for home consumption and can sell any crop for income	Produce for basically home consumption
Income sources	Have small scale businesses and remittances from working relatives	Rely on crop sales and salary as civil servants (teachers)	Sale of crop products and local brew	Sale of labour and a little of crop products
Food security	Buy food for periods less than 1 month in a year	Buy food for periods of 1–3 months	Buy food for 3–5 months in a year	Buy food for more than 5 months in a year

^aLF Larger farms, MF Medium farms, SF1 Small farms with cattle, SF2 Small farms without cattle