This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution.
References
R.Michael Alvarez (1998) Information and Elections EditionNumber2 University of Michigan Press Ann Arbor, MI
R.Michael Alvarez Charles H. Franklin (1994) ArticleTitleUncertainty and political perceptions Journal of Politics 56 671–688
Larry M. Bartels (1986) ArticleTitleIssue voting under uncertainty: an Empirical test American Journal of Political Science 30 709–728
James E. Campbell (1983) ArticleTitleAmbiguity in the issue positions of presidential elections: a causal analysis American Journal of Political Science 27 284–293
Pamela Johnston Conover Stanley Feldman (1989) ArticleTitleCandidate perception in an ambiguous world: campaigns, cues, and inference processes. American Journal of Political Science 33 912–940
Phillip E. Converse (1964) The nature of belief systems in Mass Publics P. Apter David (Eds) Ideology and Discontent Free Press New York
James Enelow Melvin J. Hinich (1981) ArticleTitleA new approach to voter uncertainty in the downsian spatial model American Journal of Political Science 25 483–493
Russell H. Fazio Carol J. Williams (1986) ArticleTitleAttitude accessibility as a moderator of the attitude-perception and attitude behavior relations: an investigation of the 1984 presidential election Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 51 505–514
Charles H. Franklin (1991) ArticleTitleEschewing obfuscation Campaigns and the perceptions of U.S. senate incumbents American Political Science Review 85 1193–1214
Robert J. Friedrich (1982) ArticleTitleIn defense of multiplicative terms in multiple regression equation American Journal of Political Science 26 797–833
Carolyn L. Funk (1999) ArticleTitleBringing the candidate into models of candidate evaluations Journal of Politics 61 700–720
Andrew Gelman Gary King (1993) ArticleTitleWhy are American presidential elections campaign polls so variable when votes are so predictable. British Journal of Political Science 23 409–451
Garret Glasgow R.Michael Alvarez (2000) ArticleTitleUncertainty and candidate personality traits. American Politics Quarterly 28 26–49
Donald Granberg (1993) Political perception Iyengar Shanto J. McGuire William (Eds) Explorations in Political Psychology Duke University Press Durham, NC
William H. Greene (2000) Econometric Analysis EditionNumber4 Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ
S. R. Gross R. Holtz N. Miller (1995) Attitude certainty E. Petty Richard A. Krosnick Jon (Eds) Attitude Strength: Antecedents and Consequences Erlbaum NJ: Mahwah
Kim Fridkin Kahn Patrick J. Kenney (1997) ArticleTitleA model of candidate evaluations in senate elections: the impact of campaign intensity The Journal of Politics 59 1173–1205
V. O. Key (1966) The Responsible Electorate Harvard University Press Cambridge
Donald R. Kinder (1998) Opinion and action in the realm of politics T. Gilbert Donald T. Fiske Susan G. Lindzey (Eds) Handbook of Social Psychology EditionNumber4 McGraw-Hill New York
Gary King M. Tomz Jason Wittenberg (2000) ArticleTitleMaking the most of statistical analyses: improving interpretation and presentation. American Journal of Political Science 44 347–361
Jon A. Krosnick (1988) ArticleTitleThe role of attitude importance in social evaluation: a study of policy preferences, presidential candidates evaluations, and voting behavior Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 55 196–210
Jon A. Krosnick Schuman Howard (1988) ArticleTitleAttitude intensity, importance, and certainty and susceptibility to response effects. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 54 940–952
Arie W. Kruglanski Diane M. Mackie (1990) ArticleTitleMajority and minority influence: a judgmental process analysis European Review of Social Psychology 1 229–261
Howard Lavine (2002) On-line versus memory-based process models of political evaluation Renwick Monroe Kristen (Eds) Political Psychology Lawrence Erlbaum Hillsdale, NJ
Kathleen M. McGraw Steenbergen Marco (1995) Pictures in the head: memory representations of political candidates Lodge Milton M. McGraw Kathleen (Eds) Political Judgment: Structure and Process University of Michigan Press Ann Arbor
Arthur H. Miller Martin P. Wattenberg Oksana Malanchuk (1986) ArticleTitleSchematic assessments of presidential candidates. American Political Science Review 80 521–540
Joanne Miller A. M. Peterson David (2004) ArticleTitleTheoretical and empirical implications of attitude strength Journal of Politics 66 IssueID3 847–867
Warren E. Miller J. Merrill Shanks (1996) The New American Voter. Harvard University Press Cambridge, MA
Benjamin I. Page (1978) Choices and Echoes in Presidential Elections University of Chicago Press Chicago
Peterson, David A. M. (2002). Looking for heterogeneity in all wrong places: Issues, traits, and attitude strength in candidate evaluations. Working paper.
Peterson, David A. M. (2004). Certainty or accessibility: attitude strength in candidate evaluations. American Journal of Political Science 48(3)
James A. Stimson Michael B. MacKuen Robert S. Erikson (1995) ArticleTitleDynamic representation American Political Science Review 89 543–565
David Raden (1985) ArticleTitleStrength-related attitude dimensions. Social Psychology Quarterly 48 312–330
Wendy M. Rahn John H. Aldrich E. Borgida John L. Sullivan (1990) A social-cognitive model of candidate appraisal A. Ferejohn John H. Kuklinski James (Eds) Information and Democratic Processes University of Illinois Press Urbana
Ronald B. Rapoport Kelly L. Metcalf Jon A. Hartman (1989) ArticleTitleCandidate traits and voter inferences: an experimental study Journal of Politics 51 917–932
Kenneth A. Shepsle (1972) ArticleTitleThe strategy of ambiguity American Political Science Review 66 555–568
Paul M. Sniderman Richard A. Brody Philip E. Tetlock (1991) Reasoning and Choice: Explorations in Political Psychology Cambridge University Press New York
William B. Swann ParticleJr Robin J. Ely (1984) ArticleTitleA battle of wills: self-verification versus behavioral information Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 46 1287–1302
William B. Swann ParticleJr Brett W. Pelham Thomas R. Chidester (1988) ArticleTitleChange through paradox: using self-verification to alter beliefs Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 54 268–273
Henri Tajfel (1969) Social and cultural factors in perception G. Lindzey E. Aronson (Eds) Handbook of Social Psychology, 2nd edition Addison-Wesley Reading, MA
D. Vickers P. Smith J. Burt Mark Brown (1985) ArticleTitleExperimental paradigms emphasising [sic] state or process limitation: II.effects on confidence. Acta Psychologica 59 163–193
Penny S. Visser Jon A. Krosnick Joseph P. Simmons (2003) ArticleTitleDistinguishing the cognitive and behavioral consequences of attitude importance and certainty: a new approach to testing the common-factor hypothesis Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 39 118–141
Christopher Wlezien Robert S. Erikson (2002) ArticleTitleThe timeline of presidential election campaigns Journal of Politics 64 969–993
Robert S. Wyer Donald E. Carlston (1979) Social Cognition, Inference, and Attribution. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Hillsdale, NJ
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Peterson, D.A.M. Heterogeneity and Certainty in Candidate Evaluations. Polit Behav 27, 1–24 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11109-005-3074-9
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11109-005-3074-9
Keywords
- candidate evaluations
- certainty
- trait perceptions
- voter heterogeneity