Skip to main content

Heterogeneity and Certainty in Candidate Evaluations

This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution.

References

  • R.Michael Alvarez (1998) Information and Elections EditionNumber2 University of Michigan Press Ann Arbor, MI

    Google Scholar 

  • R.Michael Alvarez Charles H. Franklin (1994) ArticleTitleUncertainty and political perceptions Journal of Politics 56 671–688

    Google Scholar 

  • Larry M. Bartels (1986) ArticleTitleIssue voting under uncertainty: an Empirical test American Journal of Political Science 30 709–728

    Google Scholar 

  • James E. Campbell (1983) ArticleTitleAmbiguity in the issue positions of presidential elections: a causal analysis American Journal of Political Science 27 284–293

    Google Scholar 

  • Pamela Johnston Conover Stanley Feldman (1989) ArticleTitleCandidate perception in an ambiguous world: campaigns, cues, and inference processes. American Journal of Political Science 33 912–940

    Google Scholar 

  • Phillip E. Converse (1964) The nature of belief systems in Mass Publics P. Apter David (Eds) Ideology and Discontent Free Press New York

    Google Scholar 

  • James Enelow Melvin J. Hinich (1981) ArticleTitleA new approach to voter uncertainty in the downsian spatial model American Journal of Political Science 25 483–493

    Google Scholar 

  • Russell H. Fazio Carol J. Williams (1986) ArticleTitleAttitude accessibility as a moderator of the attitude-perception and attitude behavior relations: an investigation of the 1984 presidential election Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 51 505–514

    Google Scholar 

  • Charles H. Franklin (1991) ArticleTitleEschewing obfuscation Campaigns and the perceptions of U.S. senate incumbents American Political Science Review 85 1193–1214

    Google Scholar 

  • Robert J. Friedrich (1982) ArticleTitleIn defense of multiplicative terms in multiple regression equation American Journal of Political Science 26 797–833

    Google Scholar 

  • Carolyn L. Funk (1999) ArticleTitleBringing the candidate into models of candidate evaluations Journal of Politics 61 700–720

    Google Scholar 

  • Andrew Gelman Gary King (1993) ArticleTitleWhy are American presidential elections campaign polls so variable when votes are so predictable. British Journal of Political Science 23 409–451

    Google Scholar 

  • Garret Glasgow R.Michael Alvarez (2000) ArticleTitleUncertainty and candidate personality traits. American Politics Quarterly 28 26–49

    Google Scholar 

  • Donald Granberg (1993) Political perception Iyengar Shanto J. McGuire William (Eds) Explorations in Political Psychology Duke University Press Durham, NC

    Google Scholar 

  • William H. Greene (2000) Econometric Analysis EditionNumber4 Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ

    Google Scholar 

  • S. R. Gross R. Holtz N. Miller (1995) Attitude certainty E. Petty Richard A. Krosnick Jon (Eds) Attitude Strength: Antecedents and Consequences Erlbaum NJ: Mahwah

    Google Scholar 

  • Kim Fridkin Kahn Patrick J. Kenney (1997) ArticleTitleA model of candidate evaluations in senate elections: the impact of campaign intensity The Journal of Politics 59 1173–1205

    Google Scholar 

  • V. O. Key (1966) The Responsible Electorate Harvard University Press Cambridge

    Google Scholar 

  • Donald R. Kinder (1998) Opinion and action in the realm of politics T. Gilbert Donald T. Fiske Susan G. Lindzey (Eds) Handbook of Social Psychology EditionNumber4 McGraw-Hill New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Gary King M. Tomz Jason Wittenberg (2000) ArticleTitleMaking the most of statistical analyses: improving interpretation and presentation. American Journal of Political Science 44 347–361

    Google Scholar 

  • Jon A. Krosnick (1988) ArticleTitleThe role of attitude importance in social evaluation: a study of policy preferences, presidential candidates evaluations, and voting behavior Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 55 196–210

    Google Scholar 

  • Jon A. Krosnick Schuman Howard (1988) ArticleTitleAttitude intensity, importance, and certainty and susceptibility to response effects. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 54 940–952

    Google Scholar 

  • Arie W. Kruglanski Diane M. Mackie (1990) ArticleTitleMajority and minority influence: a judgmental process analysis European Review of Social Psychology 1 229–261

    Google Scholar 

  • Howard Lavine (2002) On-line versus memory-based process models of political evaluation Renwick Monroe Kristen (Eds) Political Psychology Lawrence Erlbaum Hillsdale, NJ

    Google Scholar 

  • Kathleen M. McGraw Steenbergen Marco (1995) Pictures in the head: memory representations of political candidates Lodge Milton M. McGraw Kathleen (Eds) Political Judgment: Structure and Process University of Michigan Press Ann Arbor

    Google Scholar 

  • Arthur H. Miller Martin P. Wattenberg Oksana Malanchuk (1986) ArticleTitleSchematic assessments of presidential candidates. American Political Science Review 80 521–540

    Google Scholar 

  • Joanne Miller A. M. Peterson David (2004) ArticleTitleTheoretical and empirical implications of attitude strength Journal of Politics 66 IssueID3 847–867

    Google Scholar 

  • Warren E. Miller J. Merrill Shanks (1996) The New American Voter. Harvard University Press Cambridge, MA

    Google Scholar 

  • Benjamin I. Page (1978) Choices and Echoes in Presidential Elections University of Chicago Press Chicago

    Google Scholar 

  • Peterson, David A. M. (2002). Looking for heterogeneity in all wrong places: Issues, traits, and attitude strength in candidate evaluations. Working paper.

  • Peterson, David A. M. (2004). Certainty or accessibility: attitude strength in candidate evaluations. American Journal of Political Science 48(3)

  • James A. Stimson Michael B. MacKuen Robert S. Erikson (1995) ArticleTitleDynamic representation American Political Science Review 89 543–565

    Google Scholar 

  • David Raden (1985) ArticleTitleStrength-related attitude dimensions. Social Psychology Quarterly 48 312–330

    Google Scholar 

  • Wendy M. Rahn John H. Aldrich E. Borgida John L. Sullivan (1990) A social-cognitive model of candidate appraisal A. Ferejohn John H. Kuklinski James (Eds) Information and Democratic Processes University of Illinois Press Urbana

    Google Scholar 

  • Ronald B. Rapoport Kelly L. Metcalf Jon A. Hartman (1989) ArticleTitleCandidate traits and voter inferences: an experimental study Journal of Politics 51 917–932

    Google Scholar 

  • Kenneth A. Shepsle (1972) ArticleTitleThe strategy of ambiguity American Political Science Review 66 555–568

    Google Scholar 

  • Paul M. Sniderman Richard A. Brody Philip E. Tetlock (1991) Reasoning and Choice: Explorations in Political Psychology Cambridge University Press New York

    Google Scholar 

  • William B. Swann ParticleJr Robin J. Ely (1984) ArticleTitleA battle of wills: self-verification versus behavioral information Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 46 1287–1302

    Google Scholar 

  • William B. Swann ParticleJr Brett W. Pelham Thomas R. Chidester (1988) ArticleTitleChange through paradox: using self-verification to alter beliefs Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 54 268–273

    Google Scholar 

  • Henri Tajfel (1969) Social and cultural factors in perception G. Lindzey E. Aronson (Eds) Handbook of Social Psychology, 2nd edition Addison-Wesley Reading, MA

    Google Scholar 

  • D. Vickers P. Smith J. Burt Mark Brown (1985) ArticleTitleExperimental paradigms emphasising [sic] state or process limitation: II.effects on confidence. Acta Psychologica 59 163–193

    Google Scholar 

  • Penny S. Visser Jon A. Krosnick Joseph P. Simmons (2003) ArticleTitleDistinguishing the cognitive and behavioral consequences of attitude importance and certainty: a new approach to testing the common-factor hypothesis Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 39 118–141

    Google Scholar 

  • Christopher Wlezien Robert S. Erikson (2002) ArticleTitleThe timeline of presidential election campaigns Journal of Politics 64 969–993

    Google Scholar 

  • Robert S. Wyer Donald E. Carlston (1979) Social Cognition, Inference, and Attribution. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Hillsdale, NJ

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to David A. M. Peterson.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and Permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Peterson, D.A.M. Heterogeneity and Certainty in Candidate Evaluations. Polit Behav 27, 1–24 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11109-005-3074-9

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11109-005-3074-9

Keywords

  • candidate evaluations
  • certainty
  • trait perceptions
  • voter heterogeneity