Abstract
Ingress nodes in optical burst switching (OBS) networks are responsible for assembling burst from incoming packets and forwarding these bursts into the OBS network core. Changes in the statistical characteristics of a traffic stream at an ingress switch can affect the capacity of the network to provide quality of service. Therefore, the statistical characteristics of the output flow of an ingress node must be known for appropriate network dimensioning. This paper evaluates the impact of burst assembly mechanisms on the scaling properties of multifractal traffic flows. Results show that the factor most relevant in determining the nature of the output traffic flow is the relationship between the cut-off time scale of the input traffic and the time scale of assembly threshold. Moreover, a procedure for the detection of the cut-off scale of incoming traffic is introduced.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ge, A., Callegati, F., Tamil, L.S.: On optical burst switching and self-similar traffic. IEEE Commun. Lett. 4, 98–100 (2000)
Izal, M., Aracil, J.: On the influence of self-similarity on optical burst switching traffic. In: GLOBECOM, vol. 3, pp. 2308–2312 (2002)
Hu, G., Dolzer, K., Gauger, C.: Does burst assembly really reduce the self-similarity?. In: Optical Fiber Communications Conference, OFC, vol.1, pp. 124–126 March 2003
Melo, C.A.V., da Fonseca, N.L.S.: An envelope process for multifractal traffic modeling. In: Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Communications, ICC, Paris, France, 20–24 June 2004, pp. 2168–2173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ICC.2004.1312902
Melo, C.A.V., da Fonseca, N.L.S.: Envelope process and computation of the equivalent bandwidth of multifractal flows. Comput. Netw. 48(3), 351–375 (2005)
Ribeiro, V.J., Zhang, Z.L., Moon, S., Diot, C.: Small-time scaling behavior of internet backbone traffic. Comput. Netw. 48(3), 315–334 (2005)
Veitch, D., Hohn, N., Abry, P.: Multifractality in tcp/ip traffic: the case agains it. Comput. Netw. 48(3), 293–313 (2005)
Toksz, M., Akar, N.: Dynamic threshold-based assembly algorithms for optical burst switching networks subject to burst rate constraints. Photonic Netw. Commun. 20(2), 120–130 (2010)
Ozsarac, S., Karasan, E.: Congestion window-based adaptive burst assembly for tcp traffic in obs networks. Photonic Netw. Commun. 20(2), 138–150 (2010)
Yu, X., Chen, Y., Qiao, C.: Study of traffic statistics of assembled burst traffic in optical burst switched networks. In: Opticomm, pp. 149–159 (2002)
Cao, X., Li, J., Chen, Y., Qiao, C.: Assembling tcp/ip packets in optical burst switched networks. In: IEEE Globecom, pp. 2808–2812 (2002)
Gowda, S.R.K., Shenai, K.M., Sivalingam, Cankaya, H.C. : Performance evaluation of TCP over optical burst-switched (OBS) WDM networks. In: ICC, vol. 2, pp. 1433–1437 (2003)
Long, K., Tucker, R.S., Wang, C.: A new framework and burst assembly for ip diffserv over optical burst switching networks. In: GLOBECOM, pp. 3159–3164 (2003)
Vokkarane, V., Zhang, Q., Jue, J.P., Chen, B.: Generalized burst assembly and scheduling techniques for QoS support to optical burst-switched networks. In: GLOBECOM, pp. 2747–2751 (2002)
Gowda, S., Shenai, R., Sivalingam, K.M., Cankaya, H.: Performance evaluation of TCP over optical burst-switched (OBS) WDM networks. In: IEEE ICC, pp. 1–6
Abry, P., Baraniuk, R., Flandrin, P., Riedi, R., Veitch, D.: The multiscale nature of network traffic discovery. IEEE Signal Process. Mag. 19, 28–46 (2002)
Leland, W.E., Taqqu, M.S., Willinger, W., Wilson, D.V.: On the self-similar nature of ethernet traffic (extended version). IEEE/ACM Trans. Netw. 2(1), 1–15 (1994)
da Fonseca, N.L.S., Mayor, G.S., Neto, C.A.V. : On the equivalent bandwidth of self-similar sources. ACM Trans. Model. Comput. Simul., vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 104–124. http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/364996.365003 (2000)
Erramilli, A., Narayan, O., Neidhart, A., Saniee, I.: Multi-scaling models of TCP/IP and sub-frame VBR video traffic. J. Commun. Netw. 3, 383–395 (2001)
Veitch, D., Hohn, N., Abry, P.: Multifractality in tcp/ip traffic: the case against. Comput. Netw. 48(3), 293–313 (2005)
Cavanaugh, J.E., Wang, Y., Davis, J.W.: Self-similar processes and their wavelet analysis, Handbook of Statistics 21: Stochastic Processes: Modeling and Simulation. Elsevier, Amsterdam (2003)
Veitch, D.: D. veitch home page. http://www.cubinlab.ee.mu.oz.au/darryl/ (2003). Accessed July 2003
Figueiredo, G.B., da Fonseca, N.L.: Channel reusability for burst scheduling in obs networks. Photonic Netw. Commun. 26(2–3), 84–94 (2013)
Xiong, Y., Vandenhoute, M., Cankaya, C.: Control architecture in optical burst-switched wdm networks. IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun. 1838–1851 (2000)
Riedi, R.H., Vhel, J.L.: TCP traffic is multifractal: a numerical study. INRIA, Tech. Rep. (1997)
Taqqu, M., Teverovsky, V., Willinger, W.: Is the ethernet data self-similar or multifractal? Fractals 5, 63–73 (1997)
OBS-ns Manual. http://wine.icu.ac.kr/obsns/docs.php (2009). Accessed 2 Feb 2009
Acknowledgments
This research work was partially supported by CNPq, Funttel and FAPESP.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Figueiredo, G.B., Melo, C.A.V. & da Fonseca, N.L.S. On traffic scaling transformation at ingress optical burst switches. Photon Netw Commun 32, 9–27 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11107-015-0549-4
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11107-015-0549-4