Abstract
This article compares several traffic grooming approaches, based on expected capital expenditures (capex) to dimension and expand the network. For small traffic demands, the link-by-link grooming approach (efficiently filling SDH frames) is most interesting. We illustrate that, as traffic increases, there comes a point where the savings in IP layer expenses realized by end-to-end grooming compensate the extra expenses of introducing the needed optical cross connects (OXCs). We study the network-wide migration from link-by-link towards end-to-end grooming at a single point in time, as well as a possible migration path, where OXCs are introduced gradually in so-called end-to-end grooming islands. This approach can lead to important savings in capex. We study total equipment costs as well as incremental and cumulative costs, indicating the total expenses to be paid by the operator over a certain time. The use of the Net Present Value (NPV) technique is clarified. Finally, also the sensitivity of the obtained results to changes in the component costs is studied.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Gupta V.P. (1985). What is network planning?. IEEE Communications Magazine 23(10): 10–16
King, W. R., & Premkumar, G. (1989). Key issues in Telecommunications Planning. Information and Management, vol. 17. (pp. 255–265). Amsterdam: Elsevier North-Holland.
Pickavet M., Demeester P. (2000). Multi-Period Planning of Survivable WDM Networks. European Transaction on Telecommunications special issue on WDM networks 11(1): 7–16
Odlyzko A. (2003). Internet traffic growth: Sources and implications, Optical Transmission Systems and Equipment for WDM Networking II. Proceedings SPIE., 5247, 1–15
Zhu K., Mukherjee B. (2003). A review of traffic grooming in WDM optical networks: architectures and challenges. Optical Networks Magazine 4(2): 55–64
Geary N., Antonopoulos A., O’Reilly J. (2003). Optical Cross Connect architectures and analysis—Analysis of the potential benefits of OXC-based intelligent optical networks. Optical Networks Magazine 4(2): 20–31
Battiti, R., & Brunato, M. (2001). Reactive search for traffic grooming in WDM networks, Proceedings of 4th International Workshop on Digital Communication (pp. 56–66).
Konda, V. R., & Chow, T. Y. (2001). Algorithm for traffic grooming in optical networks to minimize number of transceivers, Proceedings of IEEE Workshop on High Performance Switching and Routing.
De Maesschalck, S., Pickavet, M., Colle, D., & Demeester, P. (2003). Multi-layer traffic grooming in networks with an IP/MPLS layer on top of a meshed optical layer. Proceedings of Globecom 2003. San Francisco, USA, December 2003.
Gerstel, O., Ramaswami, R., & Sasaki, G. (1998). Cost effective traffic grooming in WDM rings. Proceedings of 17th Conference on Computer Communication (pp. 69–77). San Francisco, USA, April 1998.
Kandula, R., & Sasaki, G. (2001). Grooming of dynamic tributary traffic in WDM rings with rearrangements, Proceedings of 39th Allerton conference on communication. Control and Computing, Moticello, USA, October 2001.
ITU-T Recommendation G.957. Optical interfaces for equipments and systems relating to the synchronous digital hierarchy.
Derkacz, J., Leszczuk, M., Wajda, K., Leone, R., Monari, G., Lievens, I., De Maesschalck, S., Verbrugge, S., & Collem, D. (2002). IP/OTN Cost Model and Photonic Equipment Forecast – IST Lion Project, Proceedings of Workshop on Telecommunication Techno-Economics (pp. 126–138). Rennes, France, May 2002.
Olsen, B. T. (1995). Forecasts of cost components, Proceedings of RACE 2087/TITAN Workshop. (Aveiro, Portugal, July 1995).
Ross S.A., Westerfield R.W., Jaffe J.F. (2002). Corporate finance. McGraw-Hill.
De Maesschalck S., Colle D., Lievens I., Pickavet M., Demeester P., Mauz C., Jaeger M., Inkret R., Mikac B., Derkacz J. (2003). Pan-European optical transport networks: an availability-based comparison. Photonic Network Communications 5(3): 203–225
Vaughn, M., & Wagner, R. (2000). Metropolitan network traffic demand study, Proceedings Of 13th annual meeting of the Lasers and Electro-Optics Society (LEOS 2000), vol. 1 (pp. 102–103). Rio Grande, Puerto Rico, November 2000.
Vaughn, M., Chia, M., & Wagner, R.: A bottom-up traffic demand model for long-haul metropolitan optical networks, Proceedings of opitcal fibre conference (OFC2003). vol. 1, MF111 (pp. 139–150). Atlanta, USA, March 2003.
http://www.ibcn.intec.ugent.be/css_design/research/projects/ INTERNAL/NRS/index.html
Skrimont, D. (2000). Bigger, badder, faster: Routers grew up. Telecommunications. (November 2000)
El-Bawab T.S., Agrawai A., Poppe F., Sofman LB., Papadimitriou D., Rousseau B. (2003). The evolution to optical switching-based core networks. Optical Networks Magazine 4(2): 7–19
Verbrugge, S., Colle, D., Pickavet, M., & Demeester, P. (2004). An economical view on using OXCs in a European backbone, Proceedings of OECC-COIN 2004 (pp. 406–407). Pacifico Yokohama, Japan, July 2004.
Verbrugge, S., Colle, D., Pickavet, M., & Demeester, P. (2004). Capex cost comparison between link-by-link and end-to-end grooming in a European backbone network, Proceedings of Networks 2004 conference (pp. 27–32). Vienna, Austria, June 2004.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Verbrugge, S., Colle, D., Pickavet, M. et al. Techno-economic evaluation of the island based introduction of optical cross connects in an IP-over-WDM network. Photon Netw Commun 13, 241–255 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11107-006-0054-x
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11107-006-0054-x