Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Design alternatives for N-stage WDM optical planar permutation networks

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Photonic Network Communications Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Planar permutation networks are a class of multistage switching networks with no crossover between paths that interconnect switching elements. A well-known class of planar networks is the N−Stage network that provides a good compromise between the crossbar and the Benes network. In this paper, we address the problem of designing cost-effective N-Stage optical planar networks with space-wavelength switching capability. Such networks are used for switching in communication and computing systems that employ Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) technology. We investigate two classes of space-wavelength N-stage planar networks, and for each class, we design a number of switching networks and analyze their hardware complexity. In addition, we propose a new method for designing a class of space-wavelength planar networks with reduced complexity. It is shown that, for F ≤  W (where F is the total number of fibers and W that of wavelengths) the proposed method results in planar networks with an average of 67% reduction in overall cost compared to that of networks based on fixed-range wavelength converters.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Benes V.E. (1962). On rearrangeable three-stage connecting. Bell Syst. Tech. J. 41(1):1481–1492

    Google Scholar 

  2. Clos C. (1958). A study of non-blocking switching networks. Bell Syst. Tech. J. 32(1):407–424

    Google Scholar 

  3. Dally, W.J., Towles, B.: Principles and Practice of Interconnection Networks. Morgan Kaufmann Publisher (2004)

  4. Dasylva A.C., Montuno D.Y., Kodaypak P. (2002). Nonblocking space-wavelength networks with wave-mixing frequency conversion. OSA J. Opt. Networking 1(6):206–216

    Google Scholar 

  5. Hamza H.S., Deogun J.S. (2006). Wavelength exchanging cross-connect (WEX)— A new class of photonic cross-connects. IEEE/OSA J. Lightwave Technol. 24(3):1101–1111

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Hamza, H.S., Deogun, J.S.: Architectures for WDM Benes network with simultaneous space-wavelength switching capabilities, Proc. 2nd IEEE Int. Conf. on Broadband Networks (Boston, MA, USA, Oct. 2005), pp. 209–218.

  7. Hemenway R., Grzybowski R.R. (2004). Optical-packet-switched interconnect for supercomputer applications. OSA J. Opt. Networking 3(12):900–913

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Hinton H.S.: A Nonblocking Optical Interconnection Network Using Directional Couplers, Proc. of GLOBECOM ‘84 (Atlanta, GA, USA, Nov. 1984), pp. 26.5.1–26.5.5.

  9. Hwang F.K.: The Mathematical Theory of Nonblocking Switching Networks. World Scientific (1998)

  10. Lawrie D.H. (1975). Access and alignment of data in any array processor. IEEE Trans. Computers 24(12):1145–1155

    MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  11. Lee K.-C., Li V.O.K. (1993). A wavelength-convertible optical network. IEEE/OSA J. Lightwave Technol. 11(5/6):962–970

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. McCaughan, L., Bogert, G.A.: 4 × 4 Strictly nonblocking integrated Ti:LiNbO 3 switch array, Technical Digest, Conference on Optical Fiber Communications (San Diego, CA, USA, Feb. 1985), Paper TUQ20.

  13. Mukherjee B. (2000). WDM optical communication netowrks: progress and challenges. IEEE JSAC. 18(10):1810–1824

    Google Scholar 

  14. Ngo, H.Q., Pan, D., Qiao, C.: Nonblocking WDM Switches Based on Arrayed Waveguide Grating and Limited Wavelegnth Conversion, Proc. of IEEE INFOCOM ‘04 (Hong Kong, PRC, March 2004), 2, 1352–1362

  15. Ngo, H.Q., Pan, D., Yang, Y.: Optical Switching Networks with Minimum Number of Limited Range Wavelength Converters, Proc. of IEEE INFOCOM ‘05 (Miami, FL, USA, March 2005), 2, 1128–1138.

  16. Ngo H.Q., Pan D., Qiao C. (2006). Constructions and analyses of nonblocking WDM switches based on arrayed waveguide grating and limited wavelegnth conversion, IEEE/ACM Transaction on Networking 14(1):205–217

    Google Scholar 

  17. Qin X., Yang Y. (2002). Nonblocking WDM switching networks with full and limted wavelegnth conversion. IEEE Trans. Commun. 50(12):2032–2041

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Rasala, A., Wilfong, G.: Strictly non-blocking WDM cross-connects. Proc. of the 11th Annual ACM-SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms (SODA’02) (San Francisco, CA, USA, Jan 2002), pp. 606–615

  19. Ramaswami, R., Sivarajan, K.N.: Optical Networks. Academic Press (2002)

  20. Slotnick, D.L., Carl Borck, W., McReynolds R.C.: The Soloman computer. Proc. of AFIPS Spring Joint Computer Conference (Atlantic City, New Jersey, April 1967), 22, 97–107

  21. Small B.A., Shacham A., Bergman K. (2004). Emulation of realistic network traffic patterns on an eight-node data vortex interconnection network subsystem. OSA J. Opt. Networking 3(12):802–809

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Spanke R.A., Benes V.E. (1987). An N-stage planar optical permutation network. Appl. Opt. 26(7):1226–1229

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Stern, T.E., Bala K.: Multiwavelength Optical Networks. Addison Wesley (1999)

  24. Tewksbury S.K., Hornak L.A. (1988). Communication network issues and high density interconnects in large-scale distributed computing systems. IEEE JSAC 6(3):587–609

    Google Scholar 

  25. Torrington-Smith, N.P., Mouftah, H.T., Rahman, M.H.: An Evaluation of Optical Switch Architectures Utilizing Wavelength Converters. Proc. of the IEEE 2000 Canadian Conf. on Electrical and Computer Engineering (Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, May 2000), 2, 1008–1013

  26. Wilfong G., Mikkelsen B., Doerr C., Zirngibl M. (1999). WDM cross-connect architectures with reduced complexity. IEEE/OSA J. Lightwave Technol. 17(10):1732–1741

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Yang Y., Wang J., Qiao C. (2000). Nonblocking WDM multicast switching networks. IEEE Tran. Parallel and distributed systems 11(12):1274–1287

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Yang Y., Wang J. (2004). Desiging WDM optical interconnects with full connectivity by using limited wavelength conversion. IEEE Trans. Computers 53(12):1547–1556

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Yang Y., Wang J. (2005). Cost-effective designs of WDM optical interconnects. IEEE Trans. Parallel and Distributed Sys. 16(1):51–66

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588-0115, USA

    Haitham S. Hamza & Jitender S. Deogun

Authors
  1. Haitham S. Hamza
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Jitender S. Deogun
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Haitham S. Hamza.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Hamza, H.S., Deogun, J.S. Design alternatives for N-stage WDM optical planar permutation networks. Photon Netw Commun 13, 297–312 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11107-006-0045-y

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11107-006-0045-y

Keywords

Search

Navigation