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Pararetroviruses: Plant Infecting dsDNA Viruses

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Abstract

Plant pararetroviruses (PRVs; family Caulimovirida) are non-enveloped double-stranded DNA viruses having either isometric or bacilliform virion. According to the current taxonomy, the family Caulimoviridae consists of ten genera with two newly added genera Dioscovirus and Vaccinivirus. PRVs have a genome size between 7 and 9 kilobase pairs and differ mainly based on the number of open reading frames (ORFs; 1 to 8) in each genus. These ORFs encode many functional proteins that help the virus to survive within the host cell. They are transmitted by aphids, mealy bugs, or leafhoppers. These viruses have a wide geographical distribution and infect a broad range of monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plant species, making their early detection and control a paramount requirement. The transcriptional unit (promoter) of the PRV genome has become an interesting “modular cassette” to the molecular biologist worldwide for fine-tuning of gene expression in plants. The present review highlights the current taxonomy, genome structure, transmission, and diagnosis of pararetroviruses and how the “modular cassette” would help the modern biotechnology-based translational research.

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Funding

This study was supported by the core funds of Institute of Life Sciences and from project funds (No. BT/HRD/35/01/05/2015) from Department of Biotechnology, Government of India.

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  1. Division of Microbial and Plant Biotechnology, Institute of Life Sciences, Department of Biotechnology, Government of India, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India

    Noohi Nasim & Nrisingha Dey

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Nasim, N., Dey, N. Pararetroviruses: Plant Infecting dsDNA Viruses. Plant Mol Biol Rep 40, 106–118 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11105-021-01294-7

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