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Proteins Associated with Oxidative Burst and Cell Wall Strengthening Accumulate During Citrus-Xanthomonas Non-Host Interaction

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Abstract

Citrus proteome changes at 8 and 48 h post inoculation (hpi) were analysed by both 2D gel electrophoresis and nano-LC-MS/MS proteomic approaches during interaction with Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri (Xac) and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) as host and non-host pathogens, respectively. A total of 256 proteins, 72 at 8 hpi and 184 at 48 hpi, differentially accumulated during citrus-Xanthomonas interaction. Of these, 67 and 115 proteins were specific to Xac and Xoo interaction, respectively. In addition, 64 proteins, 10 at 8 hpi and 54 at 48 hpi, variedly accumulated during both the interactions. Proteins related to photosynthesis, carbohydrate metabolism and protein synthesis were in low abundance during both the interactions resulting in reduced rate of photosynthesis. Proteins related to defence response, cell wall (CW) strengthening, lignin deposition and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were in high abundance only during Xoo interaction. Whereas, during Xac interaction, proteins involved in antioxidant metabolism and CW loosening and/or elongation were in high abundance. The precise increase in abundance of these proteins during non-host interaction suggested an important role for CW fortification and ROS accumulation in non-host resistance in plants.

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Abbreviations

NHR:

Non-host resistance

LC-MS/MS:

Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

2DE:

2D electrophoresis

Xac :

Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri

Xac :

Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

PRX:

Peroxidase

SOD:

Superoxide dismutase

APX:

Ascorbate peroxidase

XTH:

Xyloglucan endotransglycosylase/hydrolase

CW:

Cell wall

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Acknowledgments

We thank UGC-CAS programme and Proteomics Facility (DBT-CREBB) of School of Life Sciences and DST-FIST facility of Plant Sciences Department at University of Hyderabad. TSR acknowledges the research fellowship from DBT-CREBB and DST-INSPIRE, India. The research performed in Iwate University was in part supported by Grants-in-Aid (#22120003 and #24370018to MU and #24-7373 to DT) from Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS).

Conflict of interests

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Author’s contributions

TSR carried 2DE, biochemical analysis and statistical analysis. TSR and DT performed nano-LC-MS/MS. ARP designed the experiments, and TSR, DT, MU and ARP wrote the final draft of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500 046, Telangana, India

    T. Swaroopa Rani & Appa Rao Podile

  2. Cryobiofrontier Research Center and United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Iwate University, Morioka, 020-8550, Japan

    Daisuke Takahashi & Matsuo Uemura

Authors
  1. T. Swaroopa Rani
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  2. Daisuke Takahashi
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  3. Matsuo Uemura
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  4. Appa Rao Podile
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Appa Rao Podile.

Electronic supplementary material

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Supplementary Fig. S1

Representation of functional categories of differentially regulated proteins: Proteins responded to pathogen challenge (Xac or Xoo) were assigned to functional categories based on biological process, shown as percent of total response in each category at 8 hpi (right panel) and at 48 hpi (left panel) are shown (GIF 140 kb)

High resolution image (TIFF 331 kb)

Supplementary Fig. S2

Venn diagram analysis of the expression patterns of differentially expressed proteins during regulated proteins: Proteins differentially expressed during Xac and Xoo interaction a) at 8 hpi, b) at 48 hpi, and c) overlapping proteins at 8 and 48 hpi are shown (GIF 83 kb)

High resolution image (TIFF 95 kb)

Supplementary Fig. S3

Measurement of photosynthetic rate: Pattern of photosynthetic oxygen evolution in citrus during mock, Xac and Xoo challenge at 8 and 48 hpi were measured. Error bars indicate standard deviation of the mean from three independent experiments. hpi-hours post inoculation (GIF 97 kb)

High resolution image (TIFF 259 kb)

Supplementary Tables S1-S5

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ESM 1

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Rani, T.S., Takahashi, D., Uemura, M. et al. Proteins Associated with Oxidative Burst and Cell Wall Strengthening Accumulate During Citrus-Xanthomonas Non-Host Interaction. Plant Mol Biol Rep 33, 1349–1360 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11105-014-0817-y

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