Abstract
Aim
Considering the direct or indirect influence of crops on greenhouse soil, we improved the traditional greenhouse prediction of soil temperature, and established an accurate greenhouse soil temperature prediction model for the research gap of crop-soil thermal relationship in the climate of subtropical region. Multiple sets of replicated experiments were conducted to verify the hypothesis of crop-root-soil thermal relationship and compared with the model predictions.
Methods
The direct or indirect effects of crops on soil temperature are considered in the analysis of soil energies, in particular the effects of the results of the study of the crop-root-soil heat relationship. A new soil heat balance equation was re-established to correct the original greenhouse soil prediction model based on the soil heat balance equation. After experimental validation and model comparison verification, the model performance was evaluated by calculating two indicators, root mean square error (rRMSE) and mean bias error (MBE).
Results
The experimental results show that there is a relatively stable temperature difference between the crop root system-soil. At ambient temperatures below sub-high temperatures, a stable temperature difference existed at all soil depths; at sub-high temperatures, this temperature difference became so small as to be almost negligible.
Conclusion
Comparison of the simulated data with the experimental data showed that the changes in soil temperature were consistent with the crop activities and the model simulated with higher accuracy than the original model. This provides an accurate method of predicting soil boundary conditions for studying the greenhouse thermal environment in the subtropics.
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Abbreviations
- \(t\) :
-
Soil temperature, °C
- \(\tau\) :
-
Time, h
- \(a\) :
-
Thermal diffusivity, m2/s
- \(x\) :
-
The depth of soil, m
- \(\lambda\) :
-
Thermal conductivity of soil, W/(°C •m)
- \(q_{r,su - so}\) :
-
The solar radiation absorbed by the ground, W/m2
- \(q_{c,a - so}\) :
-
Convective heat exchange of air to soil, W/m2
- \(q_{e,so}\) :
-
Soil water evaporation, W/m2
- \(q_{r,so - f}\) :
-
Heat loss from soil to greenhouse film heat radiation, W/m2
- \(q_{c,so - p}\) :
-
Heat transfer from the soil to the crop through the root system, W/m2
- \(h_{c}\) :
-
Convective heat transfer coefficient, W/(°C •m2)
- \(t_{f}\) :
-
Indoor air temperature, °C
- \(\Delta T\) :
-
The temperature difference between soil and air in the solar greenhouse, °C
- \(Q_{a}\) :
-
Plants absorb heat from ambient air during transpiration, W
- \(L\) :
-
Water evaporation dissipation factor
- \(\Delta t_{{\text{root - so}}}\) :
-
Temperature difference between the root system
- \(A\) :
-
The contact area between the crop root system and soil
- \(\lambda_{root - so}\) :
-
Soil-root thermal conductivity
- \(\delta\) :
-
The thickness of soil for thermal conductivity
- \(\lambda_{p}\) :
-
Thermal conductivity of crop root system
- \(\lambda_{so}\) :
-
Soil thermal conductivity
- \(\lambda_{dry}\) :
-
Thermal conductivity of dry soil
- \(\lambda_{sat}\) :
-
Thermal conductivity of saturated soil
- \(\lambda_{s}\) :
-
Thermal conductivity of solid soil particles
- \(\lambda_{{\text{w}}}\) :
-
Thermal conductivity of water
- \(\alpha\) :
-
Solar absorptivity of soil
- \(S\) :
-
Inside solar radiation, W/m2
- \(k\) :
-
Light extinction coefficient
- \(LAI\) :
-
Leaf area index
- \(\Delta\) :
-
The slop of saturation line on the psychrometric chart, kPa/K
- \(\Gamma\) :
-
Psychrometric constant, kPa/K
- \(P_{a}\) :
-
Vapour pressure of ambient air, kPa
- \(Y\) :
-
Relative humidity of indoor air, %
- \({\text{t}}_{0}\) :
-
Outdoor air temperature, °C
- \(t_{{{\text{film}}}}\) :
-
The temperature of the film plane, °C
- \(\varepsilon_{s}\) :
-
System emissivity
- \(\sigma\) :
-
Stefan-Boltzmann constant
- \(T_{1}\) :
-
Kelvin temperature of the soil, K
- \(T_{2}\) :
-
Kelvin temperature of the film plane, K
- \(T_{f}\) :
-
Kelvin temperature of indoor air, K
- \(\overline{{T_{f} }}\) :
-
Daily mean Kelvin temperature of indoor air, K
- \(h_{r}\) :
-
Radiation heat transfer coefficient, W/(°C •m2)
- \(t_{solar - air}\) :
-
Solar-air temperature, °C
- \(\overline{t}_{solar - air}\) :
-
Daily mean solar-air temperature, °C
- \(A_{n}\) :
-
The amplitude of solar-air temperature
- \(\varphi_{n}\) :
-
Delay of solar-air temperature
- \(n\) :
-
The order of simple harmonic waves of solar-air temperature
- \(\omega\) :
-
Frequency of solar-air temperature
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Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (2022JJ50135).
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Chen, P., Ruan, F., Li, S. et al. Exploring crop root-soil heat relationships to optimally predict soil temperatures in greenhouse spaces. Plant Soil (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-024-06692-w
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-024-06692-w