Abstract
Background and aims
This study aims at identifying Cu accumulators from Elsholtzia and uncovering the rhizospheric mechanisms for improving the phytoremediation of Cu-contaminated soils.
Methods
The Cu accumulation capacities of ten Elsholtzia species were investigated in Cu-polluted soil, and two species with the largest differences in Cu accumulation capacities were selected to verify the results and to analyze their rhizospheric response characteristics (e.g., changes in Cu availability and rhizospheric bacterial community) to Cu stress in soils spiked with 0, 250, and 500 mg kg−1 Cu.
Results
These 10 Elsholtzia species showed various Cu accumulation capacities (Cu bioconcentration factors: 0.55–1.86 in shoots, 1.13–5.27 in roots), and most of them showed the potential for Cu phytostabilization. Among them, E. eriocalyx and E. winitiana could both tolerate up to 500 mg kg−1 Cu in soils but showed high- and low-Cu-accumulating capacities, respectively. Rhizospheric analysis indicated that specific rhizobacteria recruited by E. eriocalyx and E. winitiana were responsible for their differential Cu uptake. Several different plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (e.g., Sphingomonas, Gemmatimonas, Devosia, and Flavisolibacter) might contribute to the plant vitality of E. eriocalyx under Cu stress. Moreover, the dominant Sphingomonas was responsible for the higher Cu accumulation in E. eriocalyx plants. However, the dominance of several rhizobacteria in the Planctomycetes phylum might participate in Cu immobilization, thus decreasing Cu uptake by E. winitian.
Conclusion
This study identifies novel Elsholtzia species resources for the phytoremediation of Cu-contaminated soils and improves our understanding of the roles of rhizobacteria in regulating the Cu accumulation capacities of plants.
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Data availability
The datasets generated and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
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Acknowledgments
We are grateful to the Germplasm Bank of Wild Species of China for providing the seeds.
Funding
This work was funded by the Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS (2020387) and the Honghe Agroforestry Ecological Research Station of Yunnan Province (202205AM070007).
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Xiong Li contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by Xiong Li, Gaojuan Zhao, Yingqi Huang and Boqun Li. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Xiong Li and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Li, X., Zhao, G., Huang, Y. et al. Distinct rhizobacteria recruitment under copper stress contributes to the different copper-accumulating capacities of two Elsholtzia species (Lamiaceae). Plant Soil 489, 295–307 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-023-06017-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-023-06017-3