Abstract
Aims
Understanding the distribution pattern of biodiversity in fragmented landscapes is important for conserving biodiversity. The mutualistic interaction between mycorrhizal fungi and plants is an important trait influencing ecological processes, such as plant response to environmental conditions; however, we lack a general understanding of how habitat fragmentation differently affects plant diversity of different mycorrhizal types.
Methods
The diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) and ectomycorrhizal (EcM) plants, including the number of species on islands, the number of species per plot, and the number of individuals per plot, were calculated on 11 islands within a hydroelectric reservoir in China. We tested the influence of island attributes (island area and isolation), abiotic and biotic variables on the diversity of AM and EcM plants.
Results
There was a significant positive correlation between island area and species diversity of AM plants, but not EcM plants. After controlling for island attributes, abiotic variables and the diversity of AM fungi significantly affected the diversity of AM plants per plot. The abiotic and biotic variables explained more variance in the number of AM plant species (58%) and number of individuals of AM plants per plot (52%) than EcM plants (less than 20%). The diversity of AM plants but not EcM plants was higher in interior than in edge plots of the islands.
Conclusion
The results indicate that the decrease of plant species diversity with habitat loss was probably related to the extinction of AM plants caused by selection of abiotic variables and diversity of AM fungi.
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Data availability
The data presented in this study are available in the supplementary material.
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Acknowledgments
We thank Wenjie Deng, Tengteng Liu, and Weiyong Liu and many students at the Wenzhou University and Zhejiang University, and many local farmers for their contribution to the fieldwork. We thank Xin’an River Ecological Development Group Corporation and the Forestry Bureau of Chun’an County for the permits necessary to conduct our research in Thousand Island Lake. This research was funded by the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (grant number: LY21C030003), National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant number: 32271606, 32101269, 31930073), and “Pioneer” and “Leading Goose” R&D Program of Zhejiang (2023C03137).
Funding
This work was supported by the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (grant number: LY21C030003), National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant numbers: 32271606, 32101269, and 31930073), and “Pioneer” and “Leading Goose” R&D Program of Zhejiang (2023C03137).
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All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Conceptualization of the project was led by Jinliang Liu. Data collection and analysis were performed by Xue Li, Tianxiang Li, Lei Zhong, Jing Guo, and Mingjian Yu. Data analysis was performed by Xue Li and Jinliang Liu. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Jinliang Liu and Xue Li. All authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript and gave final approval for publication.
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Supplementary Information
Appendix S1
Plant species list and the references for mycorrhiza type. (XLSX 105 kb)
Appendix S2
The abiotic variables in 32 plots on 11 islands. (XLSX 13 kb)
Appendix S3
The biotic variables in 32 plots on 11 islands. (XLSX 12 kb)
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Li, X., Li, T., Zhong, L. et al. Species diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal but not ectomycorrhizal plants decreases with habitat loss due to environmental filtering. Plant Soil 489, 211–224 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-023-06007-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-023-06007-5