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A volatile producing Bacillus subtilis strain from the rhizosphere of Haloxylon ammodendron promotes plant root development

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Abstract

Aims

The colonization of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) along plant roots in turn facilitates their ability to promote plant growth and health. In this study, we found that Bacillus subtilis strain WM13-24 from the rhizosphere of Haloxylon ammodendron was able to promote the growth of both Arabidopsis and its host plant. Furthermore, we found that volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from strain WM13-24 could promote plant growth by stimulating lateral root formation and root hair growth. However, the molecular mechanism underlying WM13-24-stimulated root development is still unknown.

Methods

In this study, a series of Arabidopsis mutants defective in specific plant hormone signaling pathways were used as materials to preliminarily study the effect of VOCs released by strain WM13-24 on plant root development through genetic and pharmacological methods. The volatile compounds of strain WM13-24 were identified by solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (SPME–GC–MS).

Results

WM13-24 was able to promote the growth of both Arabidopsis and its host plant, H. ammodendron. Auxin signaling and transport played a crucial role in WM13-24-stimulated changes of root architectures in Arabidopsis. SPME–GC–MS analysis revealed that WM13-24 produces various classes of compounds. We further showed that 2,3-butanediol and benzyl alcohol were active in promoting plant growth and the growth responses of plants to the two VOCs were concentration dependent.

Conclusions

All these results suggested that VOCs emitted from B. subtilis strain WM13-24 from the rhizosphere of H. ammodendron improves root development depending on auxin signaling.

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Data Availability

All data used in the study have been included in the figures, table and supplementary information.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Prof. Chuan-You Li, Lai-Sheng Meng, Hong-Ju Yin and Dr. Hai-Qing Liu for kindly providing mutants. This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant No. 32071875), the National Key Research and Development Program of China (grant No. 2019YFC0507703),  the Leading Scientist Project of Qinghai Province (grant No. 2023-NK-147), and the Independent Research and Development Project of State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems (grant No. 202203).

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  1. State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Center of Grassland Microbiome, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People’s Republic of China

    Ao-Lei He, Ling-Yu Zhao, Wei Ren, Hui-Ru Li, Qi Zhao & Jin-Lin Zhang

  2. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA

    Paul W. Paré

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Jin-Lin Zhang conceived the project and planned the experiments. Ao-Lei He, Wei Ren, Hui-Ru Li and Ling-Yu Zhao carried out the experiments. Ao-Lei He and Wei Ren analyzed the data. Ao-Lei He and Jin-Lin Zhang wrote the manuscript., Paul W. Paré and Qi Zhao revised the manuscript.

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He, AL., Zhao, LY., Ren, W. et al. A volatile producing Bacillus subtilis strain from the rhizosphere of Haloxylon ammodendron promotes plant root development. Plant Soil 486, 661–680 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-023-05901-2

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