Abstract
Aims
Plant phosphorus (P) recovery of applied P (PF) is a critical factor for seed production in soybeans [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], but the quantitative effect of nitrogen (N) application (NF) on P-recovery is not established. This study aimed to model the relationship between P-uptake (PA) and PF in soybeans under varying NF conditions.
Methods
Pot experiments were conducted using nodulated [Lee( +)] and non-nodulated [Lee(–)] soybeans under multiple levels of basal-dressed PF and top-dressed NF from the full-bloom to the beginning-maturity stages.
Results
PA at each NF was represented by a function of PF as a straight-line with a positive-slope and an intercept of soil P (PS) connecting with a ceiling-line due to plant P-uptake capacity. The apparent crop recovery efficiency of PF [RE = (PA – PS) / PF] at the slope-phase asymptotically increased with NF. As a result, PA was represented by the single-function PF × RE, which consisted of a 1:1 slope and a ceiling across different NF rates. Seed weights increased with NA for both nodulation types, but the responses of seed yield to PA in Lee(–) differed due to NA. PA asymptotically increased the maximum NA and N fixation by nodulation, and was approximated by the N quantitative model.
Conclusion
PA can be represented as a function of PF by excluding P retained in soils, which is influenced by NF and the capacity for P uptake. Accordingly, P uptake affects seed production via N uptake, which is determined by fertilizer, soil, and fixed N.
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- NA :
-
Nitrogen assimilation
- NAmax :
-
Maximum nitrogen assimilation
- NF :
-
Applied fertilizer nitrogen
- NFIX :
-
Fixed nitrogen
- NFIXmax :
-
Maximum fixed nitrogen
- NS :
-
Available soil nitrogen
- PA :
-
Plant phosphorus uptake
- PAmax :
-
Maximum plant phosphorus uptake
- PF :
-
Applied phosphorus by fertilizer
- PS :
-
Available phosphorus in soil
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We are grateful to Dr. Shingo Matsumoto (Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, Shimane University) for his valuable comments and suggestions.
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Kakiuchi, J., Kobata, T. Crop recovery efficiency of applied phosphorous under different nitrogen applications and the contribution of these two nutrients to seed production in soybeans. Plant Soil 480, 583–601 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-022-05605-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-022-05605-z