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Methane emission from rice cultivation regulated by soil hydrothermal condition and available carbon and nitrogen under a rice–wheat rotation system

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Abstract

Aim

Soil available carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) are essential substrates for microbial C and N cycle processes, and under soil hydrothermal conditions, they play a great role in CH4 emission in a rice-based system. However, the associated mechanisms are still not clear. This study aimed to explore the response of CH4 emission to soil hydrothermal conditions after N fertilization.

Methods

A rice–wheat rotation (RW) field experiment with (RW-CN) or without (RW-NN) conventional N fertilization was conducted in Sichuan province, China. The effect of soil CH4 fluxes and the key factors (soil temperature, moisture, and available C and N) driving CH4 emissions were determined with and without N fertilization under a RW system.

Results

During the rice cultivation seasons, cumulative CH4 emissions from RW-CN were 7–9 folds greater (193 ± 11.4 and 302 ± 28.3 kg C ha−1) than that during the wheat cultivation periods (21.7 ± 13.4 and 47.1 ± 20.5 kg C ha−1). However, seasonal CH4 emissions from RW-NN were comparable with those from RW-CN treatment, indicating that N fertilization had no marked effect on CH4 emissions in the present study. During the whole experimental period, the soil temperature sensitivity coefficient (Q10) of CH4 emission from RW-NN treatment was similar to that from RW-CN treatment (6.47 vs 6.69). During the rice-growing seasons, CH4 fluxes linearly positively correlated with soil temperature and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) content, but negatively correlated with soil DOC to dissolved inorganic nitrogen ratio (DOC/DIN) and flood depth (FD) for both treatments. Structural equation model revealed that soil temperature, soil DOC, DOC/DIN, and FD together accounted for 62% and 57% of CH4 emission for RW-CN and RW-NN treatment, respectively.

Conclusions

In summary, to mitigate flooded rice-based CH4 emission, appropriate soil hydrothermal conditions and available C and N substrates should be maintained, such as keeping appropriate flood depth when applying N fertilizer to fields and maintaining soil DOC/DIN > 8.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank the funding bodies of National Key Research and Development Program of China (2017YFD0800102) and National Program on key Basic Research Project of China (No.2012CB417106) for financial support. In addition, we appreciate the Research Project of Hubei Provincial Department of Education (D20202503) for its support for Hongtao Wu.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China

    Peng Xu, Minghua Zhou & Bo Zhu

  2. Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China

    Peng Xu, Wei Zhou, Mengdie Jiang, Imran Khan, Tongtao Wu & Ronggui Hu

  3. College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, 435002, China

    Tongtao Wu

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  1. Peng Xu
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  2. Wei Zhou
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Correspondence to Ronggui Hu.

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Xu, P., Zhou, W., Jiang, M. et al. Methane emission from rice cultivation regulated by soil hydrothermal condition and available carbon and nitrogen under a rice–wheat rotation system. Plant Soil 480, 283–294 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-022-05581-4

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