Abstract
Purpose
Understanding how plant-plant interactions vary across soil stress gradients has become increasingly critical given rapid global changes. The prominent stress gradient hypothesis (SGH) predicts patterns of plant-plant interactions along only a single stress gradient. How plant-plant interactions vary under combined influences of multiple co-occurring stress factors is still poorly understood. Moreover, although belowground plant organs play critical roles in ecological functioning, little is known regarding how belowground plant-plant interactions vary across multiple soil gradients. We assessed the SGH for aboveground, belowground and whole plant interactions across multiple co-occurring soil stress gradients.
Methods
We conducted a mesocosm experiment to examine variation in plant-plant interactions between Phragmites australis and Suaeda salsa, distinguishing aboveground, belowground and whole plant interactions, under the combined influences of salinity and tidal level changes associated with sea level rise.
Results
Our results only partially supported the SGH, and showed that the effects of one stress factor on plant-plant interactions could be modified by another stress factor. Moreover, we found different patterns of above- versus belowground plant-plant interactions. The plant-plant interactions between the two plant species across salinity and tidal level gradients were influenced by the plants’ specific responses to the stress factors, the interplay between the stress factors, and the plants’ distinct strategies of biomass allocation.
Conclusion
Plant-plant interactions in nature might be more complex than simple models suggest. A better assessment of plant community dynamics under complex global changes requires an explicit understanding of context-dependent plant-plant interactions for both above- and belowground organs and across multiple co-occurring stress gradients.
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Data availability
The data that support the findings of this study are included in this article.
Code availability
Not applicable.
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Acknowledgements
This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (31300357, 32001179) and Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin City (20JCZDJC00220). We thank Dr. Steven C. Pennings and the anonymous reviewers for comments on the previous versions of this manuscript.
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This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (31300357, 32001179) and Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin City (20JCZDJC00220).
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Hongyu Guo, Fanglei Gao and Yinhua Wang conceived the study. Hongyu Guo, Fanglei Gao, Haodong Wang performed the experiment. Jinling Pang, Huanhuan Wang and Ashley A. Whitt analyzed the data. Hongyu Guo, Fanglei Gao, Chengcang Ma and Yinhua Wang wrote the manuscript.
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Guo, H., Gao, F., Pang, J. et al. Plant-plant interactions of Phragmites australis and Suaeda salsa as mediated by combined influences of salinity and tidal level changes. Plant Soil 474, 141–161 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-022-05321-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-022-05321-8