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Conservation tillage regulates the assembly, network structure and ecological function of the soil bacterial community in black soils

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Abstract

Aims

Traditional tillage represents a serious threat to the stability of soil ecosystems. Understanding the response mechanisms of soil microbial community assembly to different tillage practices is a major topic of soil ecological research.

Methods

Here, we investigated the bacterial community structures and assembly in bulk and rhizosphere soils of soybeans grown under traditional tillage (moldboard plow, MP) and two conservation tillage practices, namely, no-tillage (NT) and ridge tillage (RT), using high-throughput sequencing methods.

Results

Compared with MP, NT and RT increased the relative abundances of nitrifying bacteria of Nitrosospira sp. and the nitrogen-fixing bacteria of Mesorhizobium sp., Bradyrhizobium sp. and Burkholderia sp., but decreased the abundance of carbon-degrading bacteria, especially Blastococcus sp., Streptomyces sp. and Sphingomonas sp. The altered functional bacteria were mostly affiliated with biomarkers and keystone taxa in the NT and RT networks. For the results of network properties and assembly processes, we found that NT and RT habited a more stable bacterial network structure and a lower homogenizing dispersal value. Soil pH was the primary factor regulating both the bacterial community structures and assembly processes under the three tillage practices.

Conclusions

The soil bacterial community structures and assembly processes were profoundly altered by tillage practices. The changes in functional bacteria indicated that conservation tillage might contribute to soil carbon sequestration, while stimulating nitrogen fixation and nitrification.

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Acknowledgements

This study was financially supported from the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDA28080200 and XDA28020201), Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ZDBS-LY DQC017), National Natural Science Foundation of China (42177105), the Grass-field Rotation Scientist Studio of Heilongjiang Province (202004), Innovation Leadership and Team Program in Sciences and Technologies for Young and Middle-aged Scientists of Jilin Province (20200301022RO).

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Author notes

  1. Zhuxiu Liu and Haidong Gu contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, 150081, China

    Zhuxiu Liu, Haidong Gu, Aizhen Liang, Lujun Li, Junjie Liu, Jian Jin, Xiaobing Liu & Guanghua Wang

  2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China

    Zhuxiu Liu

  3. College of Agronomy, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, China

    Qin Yao

  4. Branch of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qiqihar, 161005, China

    Yanxia Xu

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  1. Zhuxiu Liu
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Supplementary file1 Fig. S1 Mantel test results for the correlation between soil bacterial communities, βNTI and environmental variables in the bulk and rhizosphere soils. The size of the star is proportional to the correlation. TC, TN, TP and TK indicate soil total carbon, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium, respectively; AP and AK indicate soil available phosphorus and available potassium, respectively; NH4+-N and NO3--N represent ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen, respectively. Table S1 Effects of different tillage practices on soil chemical properties in the bulk and rhizosphere soils. TC, TN, TP and TK indicate soil total carbon, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium, respectively; AP and AK indicate soil available phosphorus and available potassium, respectively; NH4+-N and NO3--N represent ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen, respectively. NT, RT and MP represent no-tillage, ridge tillage and moldboard plow tillage, respectively.Table S2 Relative abundances (%) of the dominant bacterial phyla/classes and genera (mean relative abundance > 0.5% in at least one treatment) in the bulk and rhizosphere soils. Means of 8 replicates are presented (with standard deviation). Different letters indicate significant differences among three tillage treatments at the P < 0.05 level. NT, RT and MP represent no-tillage, ridge tillage and moldboard plow tillage, respectively. Table S3 Results of the NCBI taxonomic classification determined based on the best BLAST hit and its relative abundances (%) of the dominant bacterial OTUs (mean relative abundance > 0.5% in at least one treatment) in the bulk and rhizosphere soils. Means of 8 replicates are presented (with standard deviation). Different letters indicate significant differences among three tillage treatments at the P < 0.05 level. NT, RT and MP represent no-tillage, ridge tillage and moldboard plow tillage, respectively. Table S4 Statistical test of Adonis to analyze the effects of different tillage practices on soil bacterial community composition. Adonis, non-parametric multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) with the Adonis function. Values in bold indicate significant correlation (P < 0.05). NT, RT and MP represent no-tillage, ridge tillage and moldboard plow tillage, respectively. Table S5 Envfit table of environmental factors involved in db-RDA in the bulk and rhizosphere soils. TN and TP indicate soil total nitrogen and total phosphorus, respectively; AP and NH4+-N represent soil available phosphorus and ammonium nitrogen, respectively. Values in bold indicate significant correlation (P < 0.05). Table S6 Major topological properties of the network of bacterial communities under different tillage practices in the bulk and rhizosphere soils. NT, RT and MP represent no-tillage, ridge tillage and moldboard plow tillage, respectively. Table S7 Hub nodes of the bacterial network in the bulk and rhizosphere soils under the different tillage practices. The ten hub nodes were selected for each treatment based on the higher degree values. NT, RT and MP represent no-tillage, ridge tillage and moldboard plow tillage, respectively. Table S8 Nodes identified as generalists of the bacterial networks in the bulk and rhizosphere soils under the different tillage practices. The role of individual node was divided into four categories by its within-module connectivity (Zi) and among-module connectivity (Pi), including network hubs (Zi > 2.5, Pi > 0.62), connectors (Zi ≤ 2.5, Pi > 0.62), module hubs (Zi >2.5, Pi ≤ 0.62) and peripherals (Zi ≤ 2.5, Pi ≤ 0.62). The peripheral nodes represent specialists, while the other three represent generalists. NT, RT and MP represent no-tillage, ridge tillage and moldboard plow tillage, respectively (RAR 884 KB)

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Liu, Z., Gu, H., Liang, A. et al. Conservation tillage regulates the assembly, network structure and ecological function of the soil bacterial community in black soils. Plant Soil 472, 207–223 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-021-05219-x

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