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Liming increases yield and reduces grain cadmium concentration in rice paddies: a meta-analysis

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Abstract

Background and aims

In China and several other rice growing countries, lime application is a common practice to alleviate soil acidification in rice paddies. Liming may also reduce the concentration of the common toxin Cadmium (Cd) in rice plants. We evaluated to what extent lime application affects rice yield and grain Cd concentration.

Methods

We conducted a meta-analysis to quantify the effect of liming on rice yield and grain Cd concentration, synthesizing data from 35 studies.

Results

Averaged across our dataset, lime application significantly increased rice yield (+ 12.9%) and soil pH (+ 0.85 units), and reduced grain Cd concentrations (-48%). Overall, grain Cd uptake and soil available Cd were reduced by 48% and 44% under liming, respectively. Liming increased rice yield more strongly 1) in soils with initial pH < 4.5 than in soils with pH ≥ 4.5, and 2) at lime rates ≥ 3.0 t ha−1 than at lime rates < 3.0 t ha−1. Liming-induced reductions in grain Cd concentration, grain Cd uptake and soil available Cd all increased with lime application rates. Lime application rates exceeding 1.0 and 6.0 t ha−1 reduced average grain Cd concentrations to meet food safety standards set by the FAO/WHO and China, respectively.

Conclusions

Lime application is effective in both enhancing grain yield and reducing grain Cd concentrations in acidic rice paddies.

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Acknowledgements

We sincerely thank all authors of the studies included in our dataset, especially those who have provided us with additional data. This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31701383) and the China Scholarship Council (201908360176).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. The Nurturing Center of Jiangsu for National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology / Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops / Research Institute of Rice Industrial Engineering Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, People’s Republic of China

    Ping Liao

  2. Ministry of Education and Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, People’s Republic of China

    Ping Liao, Shan Huang & Yongjun Zeng

  3. Department of Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4 RJ, UK

    Ping Liao & Kees Jan van Groenigen

  4. Soil and Fertilization Technology Extension Station of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, 330046, People’s Republic of China

    Hua Shao

  5. Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, People’s Republic of China

    Jun Zhang

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  1. Ping Liao
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  2. Shan Huang
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Correspondence to Shan Huang.

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Liao, P., Huang, S., Zeng, Y. et al. Liming increases yield and reduces grain cadmium concentration in rice paddies: a meta-analysis. Plant Soil 465, 157–169 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-021-05004-w

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