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Differential olive grove management regulates the levels of primary metabolites in xylem sap

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Abstract

Aims

The conventional management adopted in many Mediterranean olive orchards makes them more vulnerable to climate change and attacks by pathogens, due to the decreased chemical plant defenses. In this scenario, a metabolomic analysis was carried out on the xylem sap (Xsap) of olive plants (Olea europaea L.) grown in the Salento peninsula (Italy).

Methods

Trials were carried out in two olive groves, one organically and one conventionally managed (controls), successively both converted to sustainable management (i.e. frequent light pruning, soil and foliar fertilization, cover crops). The Xsap was extracted from the shoots of olive plants using a Scholander pressure chamber pressurized with N2 and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry metabolite profiling was performed in the Xsap.

Results

An untargeted gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) based metabolomic analysis of primary metabolites (including underivatized volatiles) of the Xsap revealed relative abundances of 153 identified metabolites and 336 unknown features across the 12 samples from four groups of samples. Among them, more than half were involved in the primary metabolism. Many of the compounds with increased levels under sustainable management (such as amino acids, soluble sugars, sugar alcohols) have a well-known role as osmoprotectants or are involved in plant defense, growth and development during stress or recovery stages.

Conclusions

Sustainable management in olive groves can increase the ability of plants to overcome environmental stressors and enhance ecosystem balance.

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Abbreviations

GC/MS:

gas chromatography/mass spectrometry

PCA:

principal component analysis

S ctrl :

Squinzano control plot

S sust :

Squinzano sustainable plot

V ctrl :

Vernole control plot

V sust :

Vernole sustainable plot

X sap :

xylem sap

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Acknowledgements

We are thankful to Academic Spin off ‘Agreenment’ and the agronomist Fabio Ingrosso for orchards management and for the field operations applied according to the sustainable management protocols. Vittorio Falco e Leone D'amico for technical assistance in the field and in the laboratory during the xylem sap extraction. We are also thankful to Dr. Maddalena Curci and Mrs. Rosaria Mininni for their technical support in soil chemical analyses.

The paper has been written within the frame of the Call for Proposals of Agriculture Service of the Apulia Region, Italian Regional Project GE.S.Oliv ‘Tecniche di Gestione Sostenibile dell’OLIVeto e valutazione delle interazioni pianta-patogeno per prevenire e controllare l’infezione di Xylella fastidiosa (CoDiRO) nel Salento e nelle zone limitrofe a rischio contagio.’ CUP: B36J16002200007.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of European and Mediterranean Cultures: Architecture, Environment and Cultural Heritage (DiCEM), Università degli Studi della Basilicata, Matera, Italy

    Catia Fausto, Alba N. Mininni, Bartolomeo Dichio & Adriano Sofo

  2. Department of Agraria, Università Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, Località Feo di Vito, Reggio Calabria, Italy

    Fabrizio Araniti

  3. Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences (DiSSPA), Università degli Studi di Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy

    Carmine Crecchio & Marina Scagliola

  4. CNR, Institute of Food Production Sciences (Lecce Operating Unit), Campus ECOTEKNE, Lecce, Italy

    Gianluca Bleve

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  1. Catia Fausto
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Correspondence to Alba N. Mininni.

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Fausto, C., Araniti, F., Mininni, A.N. et al. Differential olive grove management regulates the levels of primary metabolites in xylem sap. Plant Soil 460, 281–296 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-020-04800-0

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