Abstract
Aims
Silicon (Si) has beneficial effects in a variety of plant species and environments. Soil and climate affect silica accumulation in given plant species, but their roles on foliar silicification patterns and balance between silica and C-rich biopolymers as structural components is poorly known.
Methods
We studied silica deposition in situ in sugarcane leaves collected in three tropical environments differing in soil and climate. Plant silica deposits were physically extracted from leaves through wet digestion. Leaves were observed and mapped for Si by ESEM-EDX. The C-rich biopolymers in leaves were determined by the Van Soest method.
Results
Silicon accumulation in the leaves was related to bioavailable Si in soil and plant transpiration. Epidermal silica deposits were either limited to silica cells as dumbbell-shaped phytoliths, or expanded to long and short cells arranged in prominent veins fully silicified, depending on whether the leaf Si concentration was lowest or highest. The size of silica deposits increased with increasing leaf Si through an increasing number of conjoined silicified cells. Leaf ash-free cellulose and Si concentrations were negatively correlated.
Conclusions
Soil and climate impact markedly the magnitude of foliar silicification, with possibly significant impact on mechanical properties and Si-related plant functions. Environmental conditions further impact the counterbalance between silica and cellulose as leaf structural components via different levels of Si accumulation.
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Acknowledgements
We express our gratitude to Dr. Marc Dorel and the staff of the CIRAD research station of Neuchâteau, Guadeloupe, for their assistance in field and laboratory work. We thank Brieuc Hardy and Alexis Durviaux for their field assistance, Anne Iserentant for her help in the UCLouvain soil laboratory, Richard Agneessens for the biochemical analysis in the CRA-W laboratory, and Meteo France for access to meteorological data. We are grateful to the Center for Applied Research and Education in Microscopy (CAREM) (ULiege) for providing access to electron microscopy. None of the authors declare conflicts of interest.
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FdT, J-TC, BD and CVL planned and designed the research. FdT, CVL and BD conducted fieldwork. FdT, CVL, BG and PC performed experiments. All the authors analysed data and wrote the manuscript.
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de Tombeur, F., Vander Linden, C., Cornélis, JT. et al. Soil and climate affect foliar silicification patterns and silica-cellulose balance in sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum). Plant Soil 452, 529–546 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-020-04588-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-020-04588-z