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Modelling plant water relations and net primary productivity as affected by reclamation cover depth in reclaimed forestlands of northern Alberta

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Abstract

Aims

Success in establishing upland forests on landforms constructed from overburden is determined by the characteristics of the reclamation soil covers and depth. We explored whether an ecosystem model that uses water potential gradients to simulate soil-plant-atmosphere water transfers can be used to forecast effects of water availability on plant water relations and net primary productivity (NPP) with different cover depths in these constructed landforms.

Methods

Plant water relations and growth were simulated with ecosys and tested against measured soil moisture content, rooting depth, transpiration, leaf area and biomass production in three soil cover depths over 5 years.

Results

Shallow reclamation soil cover depth caused greater water potential gradients and less soil water content, tree water uptake and growth to be modelled, consistent with measured data. Modelled transpiration increased nonlinearly with increasing cover depth, indicating a threshold depth above which additional gains in transpiration and hence NPP would be limited.

Conclusions

This study highlights the importance of sufficient cover depth on forest community end-land use re-establishment. It also demonstrated that a terrestrial ecosystem model such as ecosys can be a useful tool in forecasting land capability for reclamation soil covers of different depths and properties under diverse climates.

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Abbreviations

ASWC:

Available soil water content

AWHC:

Available soil water holding capacity

C a :

Ambient CO2 concentration

C b :

Canopy CO2 concentration

C c :

Aqueous CO2 concentration in canopy chloroplasts

C i :

Gaseous CO2 concentration in canopy leaves

DOY:

Day of year

E c :

Canopy transpiration

f ψ :

Non-stomatal effects of plant water status on carboxylation

FC:

Field capacity

G :

Change in heat storage

g c :

Canopy stomatal conductance

GPP:

Gross primary productivity

H :

Sensible heat flux

K :

Hydraulic conductivity

K sat :

Saturated hydraulic conductivity

LAI:

Leaf area index

LCCS:

Land Capability Classification System for Forest Ecosystems

LE :

Latent heat flux

LHS:

Left hand side

MARE:

Mean absolute relative error

NPP:

Net primary productivity

θ :

Soil water contents

P :

Precipitation

PFT:

Plant functional type

PMM:

Peat mineral mix

PWP:

Permanent wilting point

R a :

Autotrophic respiration

r a :

Aerodynamic resistance

r c :

Canopy stomatal resistance

r cmin :

Minimum canopy resistance

RLD:

Root length density

RHS:

Right hand side

RMD:

Root mass densities

RMSD:

Root mean squares for difference

RMSE:

Root-mean-squares for error

R n :

Net radiation

SA:

Stand sap wood area to ground area ratio

SBH:

South Bison Hills

T c :

Canopy temperature

TDR:

Time domain reflectometry

U c :

Plant water uptake

V b :

CO2-limited leaf carboxylation rate

V c :

Canopy carboxylation rates

V g :

Leaf CO2 diffusion

WUEP :

Water-use efficiency of productivity

Ω s :

Soil hydraulic resistances

Ω r :

Root hydraulic resistances

ψ c :

Canopy water potential

ψ πι :

Canopy osmotic water potential

ψ π :

Soil osmotic potential

ψ g :

Gravitational potential

ψ m :

Soil matric potential

ψ t :

Canopy turgor potential

ψ s :

Soil water potential

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Acknowledgements

Funding for the study was provided by the Land Reclamation International Graduate School (LRIGS) at the University of Alberta, the NSERC Collaborative Research and Training Experience (CREATE) Program, and Canadian Oil Sands Network for Research and Development (CONRAD). Computational facilities for the modelling project were provided by Compute Canada and WestGrid high performance computing infrastructure, and the University of Alberta. The great support in providing field data by Syncrude Canada limited is very much appreciated and special thanks goes to Marty Yarmuch and Bonnie Drozdowski for providing support to get field data. We would like to acknowledge Jeff Kelly, Frances Leishman, Caren Jones, Cassandra McKenzie, Brittany McAdams, Jela Burkus, Luke Donnan, Kelti Eaton, Melanie Luong for field data acquisition and laboratory assistance.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Earth Sciences Building, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E3, Canada

    N. P. Y. Welegedara, R. F. Grant, Sylvie A. Quideau, Simon M. Landhäusser & Morgane Merlin

  2. Laboratoire Génie Civil et géo-Environnement – Université de Lille, Lille, France

    E. Lloret

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  1. N. P. Y. Welegedara
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  2. R. F. Grant
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Correspondence to N. P. Y. Welegedara.

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Welegedara, N.P.Y., Grant, R.F., Quideau, S.A. et al. Modelling plant water relations and net primary productivity as affected by reclamation cover depth in reclaimed forestlands of northern Alberta. Plant Soil 446, 627–654 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-019-04363-9

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