Abstract
Aim
“Super-Root” (SR) is a fast-growing root culture established in the legume forage species Lotus corniculatus that displays vigorous growth and high embryogenic capacity, uniquely allowing for continuous root cloning, direct somatic embryogenesis, and mass regeneration of plants under hormone-free culture conditions. This study’s primary aim was to verify the possibility of introducing the SR trait to another legume species as a means of enhancing root traits. Our previous research produced a F1-generation hybrid between the colchicine-doubled form of the diploid Lotus japonicus ‘Miyakojima’ MG-20 and SR-derived Lotus corniculatus. The current study’s focus was to evaluate the root phenotype of the F2-generation to confirm the introduction of SR characteristics to Lotus japonicus.
Methods
We assessed 242 rooted F2-hybrid progeny using cluster analysis, concentrating on four morphological root traits: root fresh weight, total root length, maximum root length, and root diameter. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to determine the correlations among eight traits of the F2-progeny of the WinRhizo root morphological measurement data and to identify what traits contributed most to their root variation.
Results
The 242-hybrid progeny and both parents were grouped into eight different clusters using a similarity phenogram. One cluster consisted of lines 36, 82, 86 and 184 that considerably exceeded the RFW, TRL, and MRL values of the L. japonicus and SR parents.
Conclusion
The results confirmed the introduction of SR traits to the F2-hybrid progeny and identified potential candidates for breeding and gene isolation that will be conducted to expand the scope of this research.
Similar content being viewed by others
Abbreviations
- MRL:
-
Maximum root length
- RD:
-
Root diameter
- RFW:
-
Root fresh weight
- SR:
-
Super-Root
- TRL:
-
Total root length
References
Akashi R, Hoffmann-Tsay SS, Hoffmann F (1998) Selection of super-growing legume root culture that permits controlled switching between root cloning and direct embryogenesis. Theor Appl Genet 96:758–764. https://doi.org/10.1007/s001220050799
Akashi R, Hoffmann-Tsay SS, Hoffmann F (2000) Plants from protoplasts isolated from a long-term root culture (super-root) of Lotus corniculatus. J Plant Physiol 157:215–221. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0176-1617(00)80193-5
Akashi R, Kawano T, Hashiguchi M, Kutsuna Y, Hoffmann-Tsay SS, Hoffmann F (2003) Super-roots in Lotus corniculatus: a unique tissue culture and regeneration system in a legume species. Plant Soil 255:27–33. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1026143606752
Blaha L, Pazderu K (2013) Influence of root and seed traits on tolerance to abiotic stress. Agricultural chemistry. Stoytcheva M, Zlatev R (eds) IntechOpen, Croatia, pp 89–113. https://doi.org/10.5772/55656. Available at: https://www.intechopen.com/books/agricultural-chemistry/influence-of-the-root-and-seed-traits-on-tolerance-to-abiotic-stress
Comas LH, Becker SR, Cruz VMV, Byme PF, Dierig DA (2013) Root trait contributing to plant productivity under drought. Front Plant Sci 4:442. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2013.00442
Frahm MA, Rosas JC, Mayek-Pérez N, López-Salinas E, Acosta-Gallegos JA, Kelly JD (2004) Breeding beans for resistance to terminal drought in the lowland tropics. Euphytica 136, pp 223-232. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:EUPH.0000030678.12073.a9
Griffiths AJF, Miller JH, Wessler SR, Lewontin RC, Gelbart WM, Suzuki DT, Miller JH (2000) An introduction to genetic analysis, 7th edn. Freeman WH; heritability of a trait, New York
Hashiguchi M, Puspasari R, Suematsu Y, Muguerza M, Tanaka H, Suzuki HF, Akashi R (2017) Induction of tetraploid Lotus japonicus and interspecific hybridization with super-root-derived Lotus corniculatus regenerants. Crop Sci 57:2387–2394. https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2016.09.0743
Himuro Y (2011) FOX (full-length cDNA over-expresser gene) for a hunting system of molecular biological basic study on the growth and differentiation. PhD Thesis, Interdisciplinary Graduate school of Agriculture and Engineering, University of Miyazaki, Japan, pp 13–17. (in Japanese)
Jian B, Hou W, Wu C, Liu B, Song S, Bi Y, Han T (2009) Agrobacteriumrhizogenes-mediated transformation of superroot-derived Lotus corniculatus plants: a valuable tool for functional genomics. BMC Plant Biol 9:78. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2229-9-78
Lynch J (1995) Root architecture and plant productivity. Plant Physiol 109:7–13. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.109.1.7
Mallet J (2005) Hybridization as an invasion of the genome. Trends Ecol Evol 20:229–237. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2005.02.010
R Core Team (2018) R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna Available at: https://www.R-project.org/
Ramireddy E, Hosseini SA, Eggert K, Gillandt S, Gnad H, Von Wiren N, Schmülling T (2018) Root engineering in barley: increasing cytokinin degradation produces a larger root system, mineral enrichment in the shoot and improved drought tolerance. J Plant Physiol 177(3):1078–1095. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.18.00199
Smith S, De Smet I (2012) Root system architecture: insights from Arabidopsis and cereal crops. Philos Trans R Soc B 367:1441–1452. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2011.0234
Steffens B, Rasmussen A (2016) The physiology of adventitious roots. Plant Physiol 170:603–617. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.15.01360
Strock CF, De la Riva LM, Lynch JP (2018) Reduction in root secondary growth as a strategy for phosphorus acquisition. J Plant Physiol 176:691–703. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.17.01583
Tanaka H, Toyama J, Hashiguchi M, Kutsuna Y, Tsuruta S, Akashi R, Hoffmann F (2008) Transgenic superroots of Lotus corniculatus can be regenerated from superroot-derived leaves following agrobacterium-mediated transformation. J Plant Physiol 165:1313–1316. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jplph.2008.03.003
Acknowledgments
This work was partially supported by the Genesis Research Institute, Incorporated and the National BioResource Project (NBRP) of the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED). We would like to sincerely thank Professor Franz Hoffmann, from the University of California Irvine, for his kind pre-reviewing.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Responsible Editor: Gustavo Gabriel Striker.
Publisher’s note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Puspasari, R., Hashiguchi, M., Ushio, R. et al. Evaluation of root traits in F2-progeny of interspecific hybrid between Lotus corniculatus “Super-Root” and tetraploid Lotus japonicus. Plant Soil 446, 613–625 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-019-04332-2
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-019-04332-2