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Chloride transport at plant-soil Interface modulates barley cd tolerance

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Abstract

Aims

Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic metal in soils and its accumulation in plants poses severe problems to agricultural production and human health. Most of research has focused on the Cd toxicity to plants, but reports on Cd co-transport and regulation by the major counter ion Chloride (Cl) is limited. This study aims to understand the mechanisms of the interaction between soil Cl and phytol-toxicity of Cd.

Methods

We utilised soil chemical, plant physiological, biophysical, and molecular approaches to test the hypothesis that Cl transport increases the mobility and phytol-toxicity of Cd to barley.

Results

Cd-sensitive Gairdner utilised high amount of Cl− from soil for optimal growth and yield in the control, but this also caused higher tissue Cd uptake and significantly affected photosynthesis in treatments of Cd-Cl combinations. Net ion fluxes from the root mature zone in Cd treatments and relative expression of transporter genes exhibited striking difference between two genotypes. Our results also highlighted evidence that Cd sensitivity is related to higher Cl− and Cd2+ uptake and lower capacity to regulate root ion homeostasis and gene expression.

Conclusions

We present a new finding that soil Cl− and Cd availability and Cd uptake and its interaction with other ions play a major role in barley Cd tolerance. These findings will guide future breeding for low Cl− uptake genotypes to reduce Cd accumulation for barley grown in Cd contaminated soils and for the economically sound and cleaner production of barley for the global feed, food and brewery industry.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank Prof. Meixue Zhou (University of Tasmania) for seeds, Dr. Jianbin Zeng, Dr. Xiaohui Liu, for laboratory and glasshouse assistance, Linda Westmoreland, Sumedha Dharmaratne, Elizabeth Kabanoff, Renee Smith, Peter Lister, Rosie Freeman, Carol Adkins, Karen Stephenson, and Christopher Mitchell for excellent technical support. This work was supported by the Australian Research Council DECRA (DE140101143), Australian Department of Agriculture, and a Chinese 1000-Plan project to Zhong-Hua Chen.

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Author notes

  1. Michelle Mak and Mian Zhang contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia

    Michelle Mak, Mian Zhang, David Randall, Paul Holford & Zhong-Hua Chen

  2. College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China

    Mian Zhang, Feibo Wu & Guoping Zhang

  3. Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia

    Paul Milham & Zhong-Hua Chen

Authors
  1. Michelle Mak
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  2. Mian Zhang
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  3. David Randall
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  4. Paul Holford
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  5. Paul Milham
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  6. Feibo Wu
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  7. Guoping Zhang
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  8. Zhong-Hua Chen
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Correspondence to Zhong-Hua Chen.

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Mak, M., Zhang, M., Randall, D. et al. Chloride transport at plant-soil Interface modulates barley cd tolerance. Plant Soil 441, 409–421 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-019-04134-6

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