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Consequences of mixing Acacia mangium and Eucalyptus grandis trees on soil exploration by fine-roots down to a depth of 17 m

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Abstract

Background and aims

Fine-root functioning is a major driver of plant growth and strongly influences the global carbon cycle. While fine-root over-yielding has been shown in the upper soil layers of mixed-species forests relative to monospecific stands, the consequences of tree diversity on fine-root growth in very deep soil layers is still unknown. Our study aimed to assess the consequences of mixing Acacia mangium and Eucalyptus grandis trees on soil exploration by roots down to the water table at 17 m depth in a tropical planted forest.

Method

Fine roots (diameter < 2 mm) were sampled in a randomized block design with three treatments: monospecific stands of Acacia mangium (100A), Eucalyptus grandis (100E), and mixed stands with 50% of each species (50A50E). Root ingrowth bags were installed at 4 depths (from 0.1 m to 6 m) in the three treatments within three different blocks, to study the fine-root production over 2 periods of 3 months.

Results

Down to 17 m depth, total fine-root biomass was 1127 g m−2 in 50A50E, 780 g m−2 in 100A and 714 g m−2 in 100E. Specific root length and specific root area were 110–150% higher in 50A50E than in 100A for Acacia mangium trees and 34% higher in 50A50E than in 100E for Eucalyptus grandis trees. Ingrowth bags showed that the capacity of fine roots to explore soil patches did not decrease down to a depth of 6 m for the two species.

Conclusions

Belowground interactions between Acacia mangium and Eucalyptus grandis trees greatly increased the exploration of very deep soil layers by fine roots, which is likely to enhance the uptake of soil resources. Mixing tree species might therefore increase the resilience of tropical planted forests through a better exploration of deep soils.

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Acknowledgements

We are truly grateful to Daise Silva Ferreira for the huge work carried out in the field and in the laboratory. We would like to thank Agence national de la recherche (Intens&fix Project ANR-2010-STRA-004-03) and São Paulo Research foundation (FAFESP, projects 2015/24911-8 and 2011/20510-8) for their financial support. The study belongs to the SOERE F-ORE-T, which is supported annually by Ecofor, Allenvi and the French National Research Infrastructure ANAEE-F (http://www.anaee-france.fr/fr/). We are grateful of the technical support of Rildo M. Moreira and the staff of Itatinga Research Station (ESALQ/USP) as well as Eder Araujo da Silva (http://www.floragroapoio.com.br).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Solos e Recursos Ambientais, Universidade Estadual Paulista ‘Júlio de Mesquita Filho’, Botucatu, SP, 18610-300, Brazil

    Amandine Germon, Iraê Amaral Guerrini & Jean-Paul Laclau

  2. Eco&Sols, INRA, CIRAD, IRD, Montpellier SupAgro, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France

    Amandine Germon, Jean-Pierre Bouillet, Yann Nouvellon, Christophe Jourdan & Jean-Paul Laclau

  3. ESALQ, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, 13400-970, Brazil

    Bruno Bordron, Jean-Pierre Bouillet, Yann Nouvellon, José Leonardo de Moraes Gonçalves, Ranieri Ribeiro Paula & Jean-Paul Laclau

  4. CIRAD, Eco&Sols, Montpellier, France

    Jean-Pierre Bouillet, Yann Nouvellon, Christophe Jourdan & Jean-Paul Laclau

  5. Departamento de Ciências Florestais e da Madeira, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Jerônimo Monteiro, ES, 29550-00, Brazil

    Ranieri Ribeiro Paula

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  1. Amandine Germon
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  2. Iraê Amaral Guerrini
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  4. Jean-Pierre Bouillet
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  7. Christophe Jourdan
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  8. Ranieri Ribeiro Paula
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Correspondence to Jean-Paul Laclau.

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Fig. 7
figure 7

Root ingrowth bags at the four sampled depths

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Germon, A., Guerrini, I.A., Bordron, B. et al. Consequences of mixing Acacia mangium and Eucalyptus grandis trees on soil exploration by fine-roots down to a depth of 17 m. Plant Soil 424, 203–220 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-017-3428-1

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