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Identification, separation and component analysis of reddish brown and non-reddish brown iron plaque on rice (Oryza sativa) root surface

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Abstract

Background and aim

Iron plaque (IP) on rice (Oryza sativa) root surface consists of reddish brown IP (RIP) and non-reddish brown IP (NRIP), however, their extraction and characterization need further studies.

Methods

A reliable method combining chemical and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis was introduced to discriminate RIP and NRIP on root surface of rice plants subjected to different phosphate (P) treatments.

Results

RIP appeared only on P-deficient rice root surface, and NRIP occurred on both P-deficient and P-sufficient rice root surface. Both RIP and NRIP could be extracted by dithionite-citrate-bicarbonate while only NRIP could be extracted by 0.1 M tetrasodium pyrophosphate (Na4P2O7) specifically. NRIP on P-sufficient root surface was 2.42 times of that on P-deficient plants. Iron speciation analysis showed that the total, amorphous and crystalline iron on P-deficient root surface were 1.47-, 1.50- and 1.35-times of those of P-sufficient plants, respectively. XRD analysis further confirmed that IP on both P-sufficient and P-deficient root surface presented as amorphous features. Dominant minerals of NRIP were iron phosphates, while those of RIP were ferric (hydr)oxides. The specific removal effect of 0.1 M Na4P2O7 for NRIP was also verified by XRD.

Conclusion

In this study, phosphate levels in nutrient solution significantly influence the formation of RIP and NRIP on rice root surface. Main components of RIP and NRIP are ferric (hydr)oxides and iron phosphates, respectively. They can be separated by 0.1 M Na4P2O7.

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Acknowledgments

We acknowledged Ms. Yun Yan and Mr. Gang-Ling He in College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University (SCAU) for their direction in sample XRD analysis, and also expressed our thanks to Mr. Kang Chen in Root Biology Center, SCAU for his assistance in sample vacuum freezing. This study was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31372125) and Guangzhou Science and Technology Plan Program (2014 J4100240).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People’s Republic of China

    You-Qiang Fu, Xu-Jian Yang & Hong Shen

  2. State Key Laboratory for Bio-control, and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, People’s Republic of China

    Zhi-Hong Ye

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  1. You-Qiang Fu
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  2. Xu-Jian Yang
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  4. Hong Shen
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Correspondence to Hong Shen.

Additional information

Responsible Editor: Michael A. Grusak.

Y-Q Fu and X-J Yang made equal contribution to this article

Electronic supplementary material

11104_2016_2802_MOESM1_ESM.pdf

Phase report The full data of mineral phase report of 4 samples (CK + Fe; −P + Fe; CK + Fe after Na4P2O7 treatment; −P + Fe after Na4P2O7 treatment). The figure of merit (FOM) was calculated based on the similarity of pattern and characteristic peaks of powder diffraction file. The lower FOM, the higher possibility for mineral phase that the report suggests. (PDF 2.57 mb)

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Fu, YQ., Yang, XJ., Ye, ZH. et al. Identification, separation and component analysis of reddish brown and non-reddish brown iron plaque on rice (Oryza sativa) root surface. Plant Soil 402, 277–290 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-016-2802-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-016-2802-8

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