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Induced growth promotion and higher salt tolerance in the halophyte grass Puccinellia tenuiflora by beneficial rhizobacteria

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Abstract

Background and Aims

Soil salinization limits conventional agriculture since most food-based plant cultivars require low soil-sodium (Na+) levels for robust growth. Moreover, modern agricultural practices, especially in arid environments, can exacerbate soil salinization as belowground water sources utilized in irrigation are frequently tainted with salt. While salt tolerance has previously been shown to be augmented in several glycophyte species by the soil bacterium Bacillus subtilis (GB03), here we reported that this beneficial rhizobacterium promotes growth and augments higher salt-tolerance in halophyte grass Puccinellia tenuiflora.

Methods

The optimal Bacillus subtilis strain for P. tenuiflora was screened. P. tenuiflora was grown from seeds with NaCl (0, 100, 200 and 300 mM) for salt treatments with or without inoculation of B. subtilis GB03. Growth parameters, chlorophyll content and endogenous Na+ and K+ contents were determined at the time of harvest. Seedlings were grown in medium with 0 or 200 mM NaCl, then were harvested to extract total RNA after 48 h of exposure to GB03 VOCs. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR was used to investigate the relative amount of PtHKT1;5, PtHKT2;1 and PtSOS1 in P. tenuiflora regulated by GB03.

Results

The optimal Bacillus subtilis strain for P. tenuiflora was GB03. GB03 significantly improved shoot and root growth at two, three, four and five weeks after inoculation. Under various salinity stresses, GB03 significantly promoted growth of P. tenuiflora seedlings. Na+ accumulation was reduced with K+ accumulation unaffected by GB03 exposure. Therefore, GB03 enhanced selective absorption capacity of P. tenuiflora for K+ over Na+ (SA) from media. Gene expression analysis demonstrated that GB03 up-regulated PtHKT1;5 and PtSOS1, but down-regulated PtHKT2;1 expression, specifically in roots when plants are grown under greatly-elevated salt conditions (200 mM NaCl).

Conclusions

Our results presented here established that B. subtilis GB03 promoted the growth and improved the salt tolerance and the selective absorption capacity for K+ over Na+ in the monocotyledonous halophyte P. tenuiflora to a higher level. Interestingly, GB03-triggered up-regulation of PtHKT1;5 and PtSOS1 and down-regulation of PtHKT2;1 in roots reduced Na+ transport from root to shoot as well as Na+ uptake in roots. This study provides the physiological and molecular evidence that application of selected bacteria to salt-tolerant Monocots can ameliorate deleterious effects of high soil saline toxicity.

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Acknowledgments

Authors thank the Responsible Editor and anonymous reviewers for their constructive suggestions on the manuscript. This work was supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program, grant No. 2014CB138701), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant No. 31172256 and 31222053), the Opening Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems (SKLGAE201505), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (grant No. lzujbky-2014-m01 and lzujbky-2015-194) and the Scientific Research Project from State Ethnic Affairs Commission of China (14XBZ013).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, People’s Republic of China

    Shu-Qi Niu, Hui-Ru Li, Suo-Min Wang, Jing Li, Qing-Qing Han, Jian Li, Qiang Guo, Qing Ma & Jin-Lin Zhang

  2. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409-1061, USA

    Paul W. Paré, Mina Aziz, Huazhong Shi & Jin-Lin Zhang

  3. Gansu Provincial Agro-Water Saving and Soil Fertilizer Station, Lanzhou, 730020, People’s Republic of China

    Shi-Qian Guo

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  1. Shu-Qi Niu
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  10. Jian Li
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  11. Qiang Guo
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  12. Qing Ma
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  13. Jin-Lin Zhang
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jin-Lin Zhang.

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Responsible Editor: Eric J.W. Visser.

Shu-Qi Niu and Hui-Ru Li have contributed equally to this work.

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Niu, SQ., Li, HR., Paré, P.W. et al. Induced growth promotion and higher salt tolerance in the halophyte grass Puccinellia tenuiflora by beneficial rhizobacteria. Plant Soil 407, 217–230 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-015-2767-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-015-2767-z

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