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Long-term bioavailability effects of synthesized zinc chelates fertilizers on the yield and quality of a flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) crop

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Abstract

Aims

The aim of this study was to compare the residual effects in soil and the influence on a flax crop (Linum usitatissimum L.) of applying Zn from different commercial synthetic chelates. The chelates used were: Zn-EDDHSA (Zn-ethylenediamine-N,N'-bis(2-hydroxyphenylacetate), Zn-EDTA (Zn-ethylenediaminetetraacetate), Zn-HEDTA (Zn-N-2-hydroxyethyl-ethylenediaminetriacetate), Zn-EDTA-HEDTA and Zn-DTPA-HEDTA-EDTA (Zn-DTPA, Zn-diethylenetriaminepentaacetate).

Methods

The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse using two different soils (Soilacid: a weakly acidic soil and Soilcalc: a calcareous soil). Each treatment was administered, in a single application, to a previous flax crop at different Zn application rates. The yield and some of the flax crop quality parameters were determined in the present flax crop. Soil Zn behavior was then evaluated by single and sequential extraction.

Results

In Soilacid, the Zn-HEDTA and Zn-EDDHSA fertilizers produced the highest plant parameters values (total Zn concentration, total uptake Zn), percentages of Zn utilization and values of the transfer factor, TF. In contrast, in Soilcalc these fertilizers produced the lowest in-plant values, with this soil producing the highest yield, quality, percentage of utilization and TF associated with the application of Zn-DTPA-HEDTA-EDTA and Zn-EDTA fertilizers. However, the Zn-EDTA in Soilacid and Zn-DTPA-HEDTA-EDTA in Soilcalc, were associated with the greatest amounts of bioavailable Zn in soil and also with the highest Zn concentrations associated with the sum of the most labile fractions (water soluble plus exchangeable fractions).

Conclusions

The residual Zn produced by the different fertilizer treatments estimated using the DTPA, Mehlich-3- and LMWOAs methods- was available in sufficient quantities that it not be necessary to add any further Zn (which could have resulted in over-fertilization) for the subsequent crop to either of the soils.

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Abbreviations

BF:

bioavailability factor

CAR:

carbonate bound

DM:

dry matter

DTPA:

diethylenetriaminepantaacetate

DTPA-HEDTA-EDTA:

(Zn-diethylenetriaminepentaacetate-N-2-hydroxyethyl-ethylenediaminetriacetate-ethylenediaminetetraacetate

EDDHSA:

ethylenediamine-N,N'-bis(2-hydroxyphenylacetate

EDTA:

ethylenediaminetetraacetate

Eh:

Redox potential

EXC:

exchangeable bound

FAAS:

Flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry

FeOx:

iron oxides bound

FM:

Fresh matter

HEDTA:

[N-2-hydroxyethyl-ethylenediaminetriacetate]

LF:

Lability factor

LMWOAs:

low molecular weight organic acids

MES:

[2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid]

MnOx:

Mn oxides bound

OM:

organic matter bound

RES:

residual

TEA:

triethanolamine

TF:

transfer factor

WS:

water soluble bound

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Acknowledgements

This study was financially supported by Spain’s DGI (MEC; project: AGL2009-12741).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Chemistry and Agricultural Analysis Department, College of Agriculture, Technical University of Madrid (UPM), Ciudad Universitaria s.n., 28040, Madrid, Spain

    Patricia Almendros, Demetrio Gonzalez & Jose M. Alvarez

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  1. Patricia Almendros
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  2. Demetrio Gonzalez
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  3. Jose M. Alvarez
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Correspondence to Patricia Almendros.

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Responsible Editor: Hans Lambers.

Headings

We studied the residual effects of adding Zn-EDDHSA Zn-EDTA, Zn-HEDTA, Zn-EDTA-HEDTA, Zn-DTPA-HEDTA-EDTA to two different soils.

Plant parameters and soil Zn behavior were evaluated using single (DTPA Mehlich-3- and LMWOAs methods) and sequential extraction methods.

The Zn source and the different soils had a great influence on the residual effect of Zn fertilization in the soils and therefore also on the quality and yield of the crops.

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Almendros, P., Gonzalez, D. & Alvarez, J.M. Long-term bioavailability effects of synthesized zinc chelates fertilizers on the yield and quality of a flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) crop. Plant Soil 368, 251–265 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-012-1502-2

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