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Temporal variability of solution Cd2+ concentration in metal-contaminated soils as affected by soil temperature: consequences on lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) exposure

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Abstract

The aim of this study was to assess how the solubility and the speciation of Cd in soil solution were affected over time by the soil temperature for three metal-contaminated soils. The changes of solution Cd concentration (either total or free ionic) and other physico-chemical parameters (e.g. pH, ionic strength, the concentrations of \({\text{NO}}_3^ - \), \({\text{SO}}_4^{2 - } \), Ca, Mg and dissolved organic carbon) were monitored over a 28-day culture of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) in soils incubated at 10°C, 20°C or 30°C. The major result of this study was that Cd2+ concentration greatly varied over time in soil solution. The Cd2+ concentration declined over time in soil solution as did the concentration of cations that may compete for adsorption (Ca2+, Mg2+). The rise in soil temperature primarily impacted on the concentration of Cd2+ via promoting the microbial C-degradation and, thus, the complexation of Cd in soil solution. The integration of the temporal variations in Cd2+ concentration through the calculation of the root exposure to solution Cd (E Cd) provided a fairly close and robust prediction of Cd concentration in lettuce roots. The present work thus provided new insights on the fate of Cd in contaminated soils that may be relevant for predicting the root uptake of Cd.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank Alain Vives, Stéphane Thunot, Sylvie Bussière and Cécile Fontaine for technical assistance during the growth experiment. Financial support of this work was provided by the Aquitaine region, France and the ToxNuc-E programme (Toxicologie Nucléaire Environnementale; CEA-CNRS-INRA-Inserm).

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Author notes

  1. J. Y. Cornu

    Present address: Université de Haute Alsace, Equipe Dépollution Biologique des Sols, 33 rue de Herrlisheim, BP 50568 68008, Colmar cedex, France

Authors and Affiliations

  1. INRA (Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique), UMR 1220 TCEM (Transfert sol-plante et Cycle des Eléments Minéraux dans les écosystèmes cultivés), 71 avenue E. Bourlaux, 33883, Villenave d’Ornon, France

    J. Y. Cornu, L. Denaix, A. Schneider & S. Pellerin

Authors
  1. J. Y. Cornu
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  2. L. Denaix
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  3. A. Schneider
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  4. S. Pellerin
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to L. Denaix.

Additional information

Responsible Editor: Henk Schat.

Appendix

Appendix

Term

Unit

Definition

v K Cd/Ca

 

Vanselow molar selectivity coefficient for cadmium-calcium exchange

f Cd

 

Free ionic (Cd2+) fraction of cadmium

m

kg

Mass of resin initially satured with calcium

v

L

Volume of analyzed solution

C Ca,i

M

Solution calcium concentration before contact

C Ca,eq

M

Solution calcium concentration after contact

R Ca,i

mol kg−1

Resin calcium molar content before contact

R Ca,eq

mol kg−1

Resin calcium molar content after contact

C Cd,i

M

Solution cadmium concentration before contact

C Cd,eq

M

Solution cadmium concentration after contact

E Cd

M

Root exposure to solution cadmium

C

M

Solution free ionic cadmium concentration

S

M2

Root surface

S 0

M2

Root surface of seedlings when transplanted

S D

M2

Root surface at harvest

k

M2 s−1

Rate of root growth over the culture period

D

S

Duration of the culture period

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Cornu, J.Y., Denaix, L., Schneider, A. et al. Temporal variability of solution Cd2+ concentration in metal-contaminated soils as affected by soil temperature: consequences on lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) exposure. Plant Soil 307, 51–65 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-008-9580-x

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